Cited by 687Wildlife Ecology and ConservationConservation, Biodiversity, and Resource ManagementWildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Large mammal population declines in Africa’s protected areas

Craigie, Ian D., Baillie, Jonathan E.M., Balmford, Andrew, Carbone, Chris, Collen, Ben, Green, Rhys E., Hutton, Jon M.·2010·Biological Conservation

DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.007

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Protected areas (PAs) are the cornerstone of global conservation efforts but their performance in maintaining populations of their key species remains poorly documented. Here, we address this gap using a new database of 583 population abundance time series for 69 species of large mammals in 78 African PAs. Population abundance time series were aggregated to form a multi-species index of overall change in population abundance. The index reveals on average a 59% decline in population abundance between 1970 and 2005. Indices for different parts of Africa demonstrate large regional differences, with southern African PAs typically maintaining their populations and western African PAs suffering the most severe declines. These results indicate that African PAs have generally failed to mitigate human-induced threats to African large mammal populations, but they also show some successes. Further development of our index could help to measure future progress towards post-2010 targets for reducing biodiversity loss.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.007

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,893
Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R
Wood, S. N. (2017) · doi:10.1201/9781315370279 · Cited by 13,852
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-6872 · Cited by 12,829
STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE FOR DENSITY DEPENDENCE IN ABUNDANCE TIME SERIES OF 1198 SPECIES
Brook, B. W., & Bradshaw, C. J. A. (2006) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1445:soefdd]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 2,085
Effectiveness of Parks in Protecting Tropical Biodiversity
Bruner, A., Gullison, R. E., Rice, R. E., & da Fonseca, G. A. B. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.291.5501.125 · Cited by 1,752
Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction With R
Anderson‐Cook, C. M. (2007) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/jasa.2007.s188 · Cited by 1,632
The Status of the World's Land and Marine Mammals: Diversity, Threat, and Knowledge
Schipper, J., Chanson, J. S., Chiozza, F., Cox, N. A., Hoffmann, M., Katariya, V., Lamoreux, J., Rodrigues, A. S. L., Stuart, S. N., Temple, H. J., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1165115 · Cited by 1,534
Self-citation
Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity
Rodrigues, A. S. L., Andelman, S. J., Bakarr, M. I., Boitani, L., Brooks, T. M., Cowling, R. M., Fishpool, L. D. C., da Fonseca, G. A. B., Gaston, K. J., Hoffmann, M., et al. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02422 · Cited by 1,525
THE ROLE OF PROTECTED AREAS IN CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINING LOCAL LIVELIHOODS
Naughton‐Treves, L., Holland, M. B., & Brandon, K. E. (2005) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.164507 · Cited by 1,271
A Global Species Assessment
BAILLIE, J. E. M., Hilton‐Taylor, C., & Stuart, S. N. (2004) · IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK eBooks · doi:10.2305/iucn.ch.2005.3.en · Cited by 1,195
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 39 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

East, R., 1999. African Antelope Database 1998, In: IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
UNEP, 2002. In: Report on the Sixth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (UNEP/CBD/COP/20/Part 2) Strategic Plan Decision VI/26, ed. CBD.

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 687

Dynamics of ungulates in relation to climatic and land use changes in an insularized African savanna ecosystem
Ogutu, J. O., Owen‐Smith, N., Piepho, H., Kuloba, B., & Edebe, J. (2012) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-012-0239-9 · Cited by 69
Conservation of the world’s mammals: status, protected areas, community efforts, and hunting
Bowyer, R. T., Boyce, M. S., Goheen, J. R., & Rachlow, J. L. (2018) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyy180 · Cited by 72
Effectiveness of protected areas influenced by socio-economic context
Gatiso, T. T., Kulik, L., Bachmann, M., Bonn, A., Bösch, L., Eirdosh, D., Freytag, A., Hanisch, S., Heurich, M., Sop, T., et al. (2022) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-022-00932-6 · Cited by 75
Protected areas support more species than unprotected areas in Great Britain, but lose them equally rapidly
Cooke, R., Mancini, F., Boyd, R. J., Evans, K. L., Shaw, A. M., Webb, T. J., & Isaac, N. J. B. (2023) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109884 · Cited by 77
Research and conservation in the greater Gombe ecosystem: challenges and opportunities
Wilson, M. L., Lonsdorf, E. V., Mjungu, D. C., Kamenya, S. M., Kimaro, E. W., Collins, D., Gillespie, T. R., Travis, D. A., Lipende, I. F., Mwacha, D., et al. (2020) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108853 · Cited by 69
Guidelines for Wildlife Monitoring: Savannah Herbivores
Caro, T. (2016) · Tropical Conservation Science · doi:10.1177/194008291600900102 · Cited by 66
What works for threatened species recovery? An empirical evaluation for Australia
Taylor, M. F. J., Sattler, P. S., Evans, M., Fuller, R. A., Watson, J. E. M., & Possingham, H. P. (2011) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-010-9977-8 · Cited by 66
Protection Reduces Loss of Natural Land-Cover at Sites of Conservation Importance across Africa
Beresford, A. E., Eshiamwata, G. W., Donald, P. F., Balmford, A. P., Bertzky, B., Brink, A. B., Fishpool, L., Mayaux, P., Phalan, B., Simonetti, D., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065370 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Where now for protected areas? Setting the stage for the 2014 World Parks Congress
Dudley, N., Groves, C. R., Redford, K. H., & Stolton, S. (2014) · Oryx · doi:10.1017/s0030605314000519 · Cited by 74
Not in wilderness: African vulture strongholds remain in areas with high human density
Henriques, M., Granadeiro, J. P., Monteiro, H., Nuño, A., Lecoq, M., Cardoso, P., Regalla, A., & Catry, P. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190594 · Cited by 66
Unraveling the consequences of the terminal Pleistocene megafauna extinction on mammal community assembly
Smith, F. A., Tomé, C. P., Smith, E. A. E., Lyons, S. K., Newsome, S. D., & Stafford, T. W. (2015) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/ecog.01779 · Cited by 70
Factors Determining the Choice of Hunting and Trading Bushmeat in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania
Nielsen, M. R., Jacobsen, J. B., & Thorsen, B. J. (2013) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.12197 · Cited by 67
Drivers of extinction risk in African mammals: the interplay of distribution state, human pressure, conservation response and species biology
Marco, M. D., Buchanan, G. M., Szantoi, Z., Holmgren, M., Marasini, G. G., Gross, D., Tranquilli, S., Boitani, L., & Rondinini, C. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0198 · Cited by 72
Local Knowledge and Perceptions of Animal Population Abundances by Communities Adjacent to the Northern Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe
Gandiwa, E. (2012) · Tropical Conservation Science · doi:10.1177/194008291200500303 · Cited by 65
Predation risk constrains herbivores’ adaptive capacity to warming
Veldhuis, M. P., Hofmeester, T. R., Balme, G. A., Druce, D. J., Pitman, R. T., & Cromsigt, J. P. G. M. (2020) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1218-2 · Cited by 75
Balancing community livelihoods and biodiversity conservation of protected areas in East Africa
Wei, F., Wang, S., Fu, B., Zhang, L., Fu, C., & Kanga, E. (2018) · Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2018.03.013 · Cited by 66
Combined effects of urbanization and connectivity on iconic coastal fishes
Vargas‐Fonseca, E., Olds, A. D., Gilby, B. L., Connolly, R. M., Schoeman, D. S., Huijbers, C. M., Hyndes, G. A., & Schlacher, T. A. (2016) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/ddi.12495 · Cited by 64
Deterring poaching in western Tanzania: The presence of wildlife researchers
Stewart, A. P. F. S. A. P. F., Lenoël, A., Johnson, C. L., & Stewart, F. A. (2014) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2014.11.014 · Cited by 63
Multispecies detection and identification of African mammals in aerial imagery using convolutional neural networks
Delplanque, A., Foucher, S., Lejeune, P., Linchant, J., & Théau, J. (2021) · Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1002/rse2.234 · Cited by 68
From savannah to farmland: effects of land‐use on mammal communities in the T arangire– M anyara ecosystem, T anzania
Kiffner, C., Wenner, C., LaViolet, A., Yeh, K., & Kioko, J. (2014) · African Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/aje.12160 · Cited by 62
Mismatches between conservation outcomes and management evaluation in protected areas: A case study in the Brazilian Cerrado
Carranza, T., Manica, A., Kapos, V., & Balmford, A. P. (2014) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2014.03.004 · Cited by 64
Self-citation
Does primary productivity modulate the indirect effects of large herbivores? A global meta‐analysis
Daskin, J. H., & Pringle, R. M. (2016) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12522 · Cited by 69
Towards Understanding Large Mammal Population Declines in Africa's Protected Areas: A West-Central African Perspective
Scholte, P. T. (2011) · Tropical Conservation Science · doi:10.1177/194008291100400102 · Cited by 62
Evaluating the spatial intensity and demographic impacts of wire-snare bush-meat poaching on large carnivores
Loveridge, A. J., Sousa, L. L., Seymour‐Smith, J. L., Hunt, J., Coals, P. G. R., O’Donnell, H., Lindsey, P. A., Mandisodza‐Chikerema, R. L., & Macdonald, D. W. (2020) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108504 · Cited by 64
The impact of trophy hunting on lions (Panthera leo) and other large carnivores in the Bénoué Complex, northern Cameroon
Croes, B. M., Funston, P. J., Rasmussen, G. S. A., Buij, R., Saleh, A., Tumenta, P. N., & de Iongh, H. H. (2011) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.09.013 · Cited by 61
Tropical birds are declining in the Hainan Island of China
Xu, Y., Lin, S., He, J., Xin, Y., Zhang, L., Jiang, H., & Li, Y. (2016) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.029 · Cited by 62
Trophy hunting and lion conservation: a question of governance?
Nelson, F., Lindsey, P. A., & Balme, G. A. (2013) · Oryx · doi:10.1017/s003060531200035x · Cited by 60
Evaluation of the network of protection areas for the feeding of scavengers in Spain: from biodiversity conservation to greenhouse gas emission savings
Morales‐Reyes, Z., Pérez‐García, J. M., Moleón, M., Botella, F., Carrete, M., Donázar, J. A., Cortés‐Avizanda, A., Arrondo, E., Moreno‐Opo, R., Jímenez, J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12833 · Cited by 61
Trophy Hunting, Conservation, and Rural Development in Zimbabwe: Issues, Options, and Implications
Muposhi, V. K., Gandiwa, E., Bartels, P., & Makuza, S. M. (2016) · International Journal of Biodiversity · doi:10.1155/2016/8763980 · Cited by 63
Evaluating the economics of park-tourism from the ground-up: Leakage, multiplier effects, and the enabling environment at South Luangwa National Park, Zambia
Chidakel, A., Child, B. A., & Muyengwa, S. (2021) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.106960 · Cited by 62
Interacting effects of land use and climate on rodent-borne pathogens in central Kenya
Young, H. S., McCauley, D. J., Dirzo, R., Nunn, C. L., Campana, M. G., Agwanda, B. R., Otárola‐Castillo, E., Castillo, E. R., Pringle, R. M., Veblen, K. E., et al. (2017) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0116 · Cited by 61
Tracking Global Population Trends: Population Time-Series Data and a Living Planet Index for Reptiles
Saha, A., McRae, L., Dodd, C. K., Gadsden, H., Hare, K. M., Lukoschek, V., & Böhm, M. (2018) · Journal of Herpetology · doi:10.1670/17-076 · Cited by 65
A Monte Carlo method to account for sampling error in multi-species indicators
Soldaat, L. L., Pannekoek, J., Verweij, R. J. T., van Turnhout, C. A. M., & Strien, A. J. V. (2017) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.05.033 · Cited by 58
A Comparative Overview of the Livestock-Environment Interactions in Asia and Sub-saharan Africa
Otté, J., Pica‐Ciamarra, U., & Morzaria, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00037 · Cited by 58
Capacity building for conservation: problems and potential solutions for sub-Saharan Africa
O’Connell, M., Nasirwa, O., Carter, M., Farmer, K. H., Appleton, M., Arinaitwe, J., Bhanderi, P., Chimwaza, G., Copsey, J. A., Dodoo, J. K., et al. (2017) · Oryx · doi:10.1017/s0030605317000291 · Cited by 57
Herbivory and eutrophication mediate grassland plant nutrient responses across a global climatic gradient
Anderson, T. M., Griffith, D. M., Grace, J. B., Lind, E. M., Adler, P. B., Biederman, L., Blumenthal, D. M., Daleo, P., Firn, J. L., Hagenah, N., et al. (2018) · Ecology · doi:10.1002/ecy.2175 · Cited by 59
Warfare-induced mammal population declines in Southwestern Africa are mediated by species life history, habitat type and hunter preferences
Braga‐Pereira, F., Peres, C. A., Campos‐Silva, J. V., Santos, C. V.-D. N., & Alves, R. R. N. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71501-0 · Cited by 59
Low functional redundancy among mammalian browsers in regulating an encroaching shrub ( Solanum campylacanthum ) in African savannah
Pringle, R. M., Goheen, J. R., Palmer, T. M., Charles, G. K., DeFranco, E., Hohbein, R. R., Ford, A. T., & Tarnita, C. E. (2014) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0390 · Cited by 56
Role of African protected areas in maintaining connectivity for large mammals
Wegmann, M., Santini, L., Leutner, B. F., Safi, K., Rocchini, D., Bevanda, M., Latifi, H., Dech, S. W., & Rondinini, C. (2014) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0193 · Cited by 60
Strict protected areas are essential for the conservation of larger and threatened mammals in a priority region of the Brazilian Cerrado
Ferreira, G. B., Collen, B., Newbold, T., Oliveira, M. J. R., Pinheiro, M. S., de Pinho, F. F., Rowcliffe, J. M., & Carbone, C. (2020) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108762 · Cited by 55
Self-citation
Protected areas slow declines unevenly across the tetrapod tree of life
Nowakowski, A. J., Watling, J. I., Murray, A. H., Deichmann, J. L., Akre, T. S. B., Brenes, C. L. M., Todd, B. D., McRae, L., Freeman, R., & Frishkoff, L. O. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06562-y · Cited by 61
Eighteen reasons animal behaviourists avoid involvement in conservation
Caro, T., & Sherman, P. W. (2012) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.11.007 · Cited by 56
Water and cattle shape habitat selection by wild herbivores at the edge of a protected area
Valls‐Fox, H., Chamaillé‐Jammes, S., Garine-Wichatitsky, M. D., Perrotton, A., Courbin, N., Miguel, E., Guerbois, C., Caron, A., Loveridge, A. J., Stapelkamp, B., et al. (2018) · Animal Conservation · doi:10.1111/acv.12403 · Cited by 54
Effectiveness of China’s protected areas in reducing deforestation
Yang, H., Viña, A., Winkler, J. A., Chung, M. G., Dou, Y., Wang, F., Zhang, J., Tang, Y., Connor, T., Zhi, Z., et al. (2019) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-019-05232-9 · Cited by 55
Wildlife and wildlife management in Tanzania
Caro, T., & Davenport, T. R. B. (2015) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.12658 · Cited by 56
Bigger or better: The relative benefits of protected area network expansion and enforcement for the conservation of an exploited species
Kuempel, C. D., Adams, V. M., Possingham, H. P., & Bode, M. (2017) · Conservation Letters · doi:10.1111/conl.12433 · Cited by 53
Critical evaluation of a long-term, locally-based wildlife monitoring program in West Africa
Burton, A. C. (2012) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-012-0355-6 · Cited by 53
The extent and effectiveness of protected areas in the UK
Starnes, T., Beresford, A. E., Buchanan, G. M., Lewis, M., Hughes, A., & Gregory, R. D. (2021) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01745 · Cited by 58
Sustainable protected areas: Synergies between biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic development
Gatiso, T. T., Kulik, L., Bachmann, M., Bonn, A., Bösch, L., Freytag, A., Heurich, M., Wesche, K., Winter, M., Ordaz‐Németh, I., et al. (2022) · People and Nature · doi:10.1002/pan3.10326 · Cited by 54
State‐space modeling to support management of brucellosis in the Yellowstone bison population
Hobbs, N. T., Geremia, C., Treanor, J. J., Wallen, R., White, P. J. C., Hooten, M. B., & Rhyan, J. C. (2015) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.1890/14-1413.1 · Cited by 53
Interspecific variation in large mammal responses to human observers along a conservation gradient with variable hunting pressure
Kiffner, C., Kioko, J., Kissui, B. M., Painter, C., Serota, M. W., White, C., & Yager, P. (2014) · Animal Conservation · doi:10.1111/acv.12131 · Cited by 52
Savanna elephant numbers are only a quarter of their expected values
Robson, A., Trimble, M. J., Purdon, A., Young‐Overton, K., Pimm, S. L., & van Aarde, R. J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175942 · Cited by 56
Long-term trends in the abundance of Mediterranean wetland vertebrates: From global recovery to localized declines
Galewski, T., Collen, B., McRae, L., Loh, J., Grillas, P., Gauthier‐Clerc, M., & Devictor, V. (2011) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.030 · Cited by 51
Self-citation
Anthropogenic Influences on Conservation Values of White Rhinoceros
Ferreira, S. M., Botha, J. M., & Emmett, M. C. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045989 · Cited by 51
Population and geographic range dynamics: implications for conservation planning
Mace, G. M., Collen, B., Fuller, R. A., & Boakes, E. H. (2010) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0264 · Cited by 54
Self-citation
Using environmental DNA to assess population‐wide spatiotemporal reserve use
Stewart, K. A., Ma, H., Zheng, J., & Zhao, J. (2017) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.12910 · Cited by 50
Safari Science: assessing the reliability of citizen science data for wildlife surveys
Steger, C., Butt, B., & Hooten, M. B. (2017) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12921 · Cited by 58
Privately protected areas provide key opportunities for the regional persistence of large‐ and medium‐sized mammals
Clements, H. S., Kerley, G. I. H., Cumming, G. S., Vos, A. D., & Cook, C. N. (2018) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.13300 · Cited by 52
Genetic guidelines for translocations: Maintaining intraspecific diversity in the lion (Panthera leo)
Bertola, L., Miller, S., Williams, V. L., Naude, V. N., Coals, P. G. R., Dures, S., Henschel, P., Chege, M., Sogbohossou, E., Ndiaye, A., et al. (2021) · Evolutionary Applications · doi:10.1111/eva.13318 · Cited by 42
A strategic framework for biodiversity monitoring in South African National Parks
McGeoch, M. A., Dopolo, M., Novellie, P. A., Hendriks, H., Freitag, S., Ferreira, S. M., Grant, R. C. C., Kruger, J. M., Bezuidenhout, H., Randall, R. M., et al. (1970) · Koedoe · doi:10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.991 · Cited by 49
Bushmeat Consumption in the Tarangire-Manyara Ecosystem, Tanzania
Kiffner, C., Peters, L., Stroming, A., & Kioko, J. (2015) · Tropical Conservation Science · doi:10.1177/194008291500800204 · Cited by 51
Saving species beyond the protected area fence: Threats must be managed across multiple land tenure types to secure Australia's endangered species
Kearney, S. G., Carwardine, J., Reside, A. E., Adams, V. M., Nelson, R. L., Coggan, A., Spindler, R. E., & Watson, J. E. M. (2022) · Conservation Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/csp2.617 · Cited by 49
Wildlife species richness and densities in wildlife corridors of Northern Tanzania
Kiffner, C., Nagar, S. J., Kollmar, C., & Kioko, J. (2016) · Journal for Nature Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2016.02.006 · Cited by 48
Testing the Accuracy of Aerial Surveys for Large Mammals: An Experiment with African Savanna Elephants (Loxodonta africana)
Schlossberg, S., Chase, M. J., & Griffin, C. R. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164904 · Cited by 52
The effects of anthropogenic landscape change on the abundance and habitat use of terrestrial large mammals of Nech Sar National Park
Fetene, A., Yeshitela, K., & Gebremariam, E. (2019) · ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH · doi:10.1186/s40068-019-0147-z · Cited by 48
Boots on the ground: in defense of low-tech, inexpensive, and robust survey methods for Africa’s under-funded protected areas
Schuette, P. A., Namukonde, N., Becker, M. S., Watson, F. G. R., Creel, S., Chifunte, C., Matandiko, W., Millhouser, P., Rosenblatt, E., & Sanguinetti, C. (2018) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-018-1529-7 · Cited by 49
A review of recent ecological changes in the Sahel, with particular reference to land‐use change, plants, birds and mammals
Walther, B. A. (2016) · African Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/aje.12350 · Cited by 47
Habitat Heterogeneity Variably Influences Habitat Selection by Wild Herbivores in a Semi-Arid Tropical Savanna Ecosystem
Muposhi, V. K., Gandiwa, E., Chemura, A., Bartels, P., Makuza, S. M., & Madiri, T. H. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163084 · Cited by 47
Understanding drivers of human tolerance towards mammals in a mixed-use transfrontier conservation area in southern Africa
Kansky, R., Kidd, M., & Fischer, J. (2021) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108947 · Cited by 51
Seasonal Effects on Great Ape Health: A Case Study of Wild Chimpanzees and Western Gorillas
Masi, S., Chauffour, S., Bain, O., Todd, A. F., Guillot, J., & Krief, S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049805 · Cited by 46
Evaluating the ecological performance of protected areas
Coetzee, B. W. T. (2016) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-016-1235-2 · Cited by 47
Edge effects and large mammal distributions in a national park
Kiffner, C., STONER, C. J., & Caro, T. (2012) · Animal Conservation · doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00577.x · Cited by 47
Interacting effects of wildlife loss and climate on ticks and tick-borne disease
Titcomb, G., Allan, B. F., Ainsworth, T., Henson, L. H., HEDLUND, T. J., Pringle, R. M., Palmer, T. M., Njoroge, L., Campana, M. G., Fleischer, R. C., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0475 · Cited by 47
Spatiotemporal Genetic Diversity of Lions Reveals the Influence of Habitat Fragmentation across Africa
Curry, C., Davis, B. W., Bertola, L. D., White, P. A., Murphy, W. J., & Derr, J. N. (2020) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa174 · Cited by 45
Postwar wildlife recovery in an African savanna: evaluating patterns and drivers of species occupancy and richness
Gaynor, K. M., Daskin, J. H., Rich, L. N., & Brashares, J. S. (2020) · Animal Conservation · doi:10.1111/acv.12661 · Cited by 44
Determinants of Distribution Patterns and Management Needs in a Critically Endangered Lion Panthera leo Population
Henschel, P., Petracca, L. S., Hunter, L., Kiki, M., Sèwadé, C., Tehou, A. C., & Robinson, H. S. (2016) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2016.00110 · Cited by 47
What animals do not do or fail to find: A novel observational approach for studying cognition in the wild
Janmaat, K. R. L. (2019) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.21794 · Cited by 45
Ranger perceptions of the role of local communities in providing actionable information on wildlife crime
Anagnostou, M., Mwedde, G., Roe, D., Smith, R. J., Travers, H., & Baker, J. (2020) · Conservation Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/csp2.202 · Cited by 44
The Attitudes of Tourists towards the Environmental, Social and Managerial Attributes of Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
Kaltenborn, B. P., Nyahongo, J. W., & Kideghesho, J. R. (2011) · Tropical Conservation Science · doi:10.1177/194008291100400204 · Cited by 44
Meat from the Wild: Extractive Uses of Wildlife and Alternatives for Sustainability
van Vliet, N., Cornélis, D., Beck, H., Lindsey, P. A., Nasi, R., Lebel, S., Moreno, J., Fragoso, J. M. V., & Jori, F. (2016) · Wildlife research monographs · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27912-1_10 · Cited by 46
Wildlife Conservation on the Rangelands of Eastern and Southern Africa: Past, Present, and Future
Holechek, J. L., & Valdéz, R. (2017) · Rangeland Ecology & Management · doi:10.1016/j.rama.2017.10.005 · Cited by 44
Shifting baseline in macroecology? Unravelling the influence of human impact on mammalian body mass
Santini, L., González‐Suárez, M., Rondinini, C., & Marco, M. D. (2017) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/ddi.12555 · Cited by 42
Using camera trap data to characterise terrestrial larger‐bodied mammal communities in different management sectors of the Dja Faunal Reserve, Cameroon
Bruce, T., Amin, R., Wacher, T., Fankem, O., Ndjassi, C., Bata, M. N., Fowler, A., Ndinga, H., & Olson, D. M. (2018) · African Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/aje.12574 · Cited by 42
Reconciling conservation and development in protected areas of the Global South
Loos, J. (2021) · Basic and Applied Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.baae.2021.04.005 · Cited by 44
Voluntary recording scheme reveals ongoing decline in the United Kingdom hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius population
Goodwin, C. E. D., Hodgson, D. J., Al‐Fulaij, N., Bailey, S. A., Langton, S., & McDonald, R. A. (2017) · Mammal Review · doi:10.1111/mam.12091 · Cited by 42
Community‐based wildlife management area supports similar mammal species richness and densities compared to a national park
Kiffner, C., Thomas, S., Speaker, T., O’Connor, V. L., Schwarz, P., Kioko, J., & Kissui, B. M. (2019) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.5916 · Cited by 41
Aboveground Biomass Distribution in a Multi-Use Savannah Landscape in Southeastern Kenya: Impact of Land Use and Fences
Amara, E., Adhikari, H., Heiskanen, J., Siljander, M., Munyao, M., Omondi, P., & Pellikka, P. (2020) · Land · doi:10.3390/land9100381 · Cited by 41
Education and access to fish but not economic development predict chimpanzee and mammal occurrence in West Africa
Junker, J., Boesch, C., Mundry, R., Stephens, C. R., Lormie, M. M., Tweh, C. G., & Kühl, H. S. (2014) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.034 · Cited by 41
Elephant conservation and corruption beyond the ivory trade
Smith, R. J., Biggs, D., John, F. A. V. S., Sas‐Rolfes, M. ’., & Barrington, R. (2015) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.12488 · Cited by 40
Management effectiveness of a large marine protected area in Northeastern Brazil
Araújo, J. L., & Bernard, E. (2016) · Ocean & Coastal Management · doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.05.009 · Cited by 40
Long‐term population dynamics in a multi‐species assemblage of large herbivores in East Africa
Kiffner, C., Rheault, H., Miller, E., Scheetz, T., Enriquez, V., Swafford, R., Kioko, J., & Prins, H. H. T. (2017) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1002/ecs2.2027 · Cited by 41
A twenty year GIS-based assessment of environmental sustainability of land use changes in and around protected areas of a fast developing country: Spain
Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, D., Vega, J. M., & Echavarría, P. (2018) · International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation · doi:10.1016/j.jag.2018.08.006 · Cited by 40
Global gap analysis of cactus species and priority sites for their conservation
Goettsch, B., Durán, A. P., & Gaston, K. J. (2018) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.13196 · Cited by 41
Lessons learned from 18 years of implementing the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT): A perspective from the METT developers and implementers
Stolton, S., Dudley, N., Belokurov, A., Deguignet, M., Burgess, N. D., Hockings, M. T., Leverington, F., MacKinnon, K., & Young, L. (2019) · PARKS · doi:10.2305/iucn.ch.2019.parks-25-2ss.en · Cited by 39
The Zambian wildlife ranching industry: scale, associated benefits, and limitations affecting its development
Lindsey, P. A., Barnes, J., Nyirenda, V., Pumfrett, B., Tambling, C. J., Taylor, W. A., & Rolfes, M. T. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081761 · Cited by 38
Identifying conservation priorities for plant species in the Himalaya in current and future climates: A case study from Sikkim Himalaya, India
Manish, K., & Pandit, M. K. (2019) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.02.036 · Cited by 38
Long‐term persistence of wildlife populations in a pastoral area
Kiffner, C., Kioko, J., Baylis, J., Beckwith, C., Brunner, C., Burns, C. J., Chavez‐Molina, V., Cotton, S., Glazik, L., Loftis, E. E., et al. (2020) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.6658 · Cited by 39
Monitoring land cover changes in African protected areas in the 21st century
Gross, D., Dubois, G., Pekel, J., Mayaux, P., Holmgren, M., Prins, H. H. T., Rondinini, C., & Boitani, L. (2012) · Ecological Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2012.12.002 · Cited by 39
Ecological and Social Outcomes of a New Protected Area in Tanzania
Hall, J., Burgess, N. D., Rantala, S., Vihemäki, H., Jambiya, G., Gereau, R. E., Makonda, F. B. S., Njilima, F. M., Sumbi, P., & KIZAJI, A. (2014) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.12335 · Cited by 41
Camera trapping reveals trends in forest duiker populations in African National Parks
O'Brien, T., Ahumada, J., Akampurila, E., Beaudrot, L., Boekee, K., Brncic, T., Hickey, J., Jansen, P., Kayijamahe, C., Moore, J. F., et al. (2019) · Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1002/rse2.132 · Cited by 29

Authors: Craigie, I. D., Baillie, J. E. M., Balmford, A., Carbone, C., Collen, B., Green, R. E., & Hutton, J. M.
Affiliations: Zoological Society of London (GB)
University of Cambridge (GB)
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (GB)
UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (GB)
Corresponding author: Craigie, Ian D.
ORCID: Baillie, Jonathan E.M.
Balmford, Andrew
Carbone, Chris
Collen, Ben
Green, Rhys E.
Venue: Biological Conservation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-09
Volume: 143
Issue: 9
Pages: 2221-2228
ISSN: 0006-3207 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.007
OpenAlex: W2083504817
Cited by: 685
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 23.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biological Conservation (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Natural Environment Research Council
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses
Keywords: large mammals, population decline (ecology), protected areas, conservation effectiveness, anthropogenic threats, biodiversity loss, regional variation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Large mammal population declines in Africa’s protected areas

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks