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Large mammal population declines in Africa’s protected areas

Craigie, Ian D., Baillie, Jonathan E.M., Balmford, Andrew, Carbone, Chris, Collen, Ben, Green, Rhys E., Hutton, Jon M.·2010·Biological Conservation

DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.007

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Abstract

Protected areas (PAs) are the cornerstone of global conservation efforts but their performance in maintaining populations of their key species remains poorly documented. Here, we address this gap using a new database of 583 population abundance time series for 69 species of large mammals in 78 African PAs. Population abundance time series were aggregated to form a multi-species index of overall change in population abundance. The index reveals on average a 59% decline in population abundance between 1970 and 2005. Indices for different parts of Africa demonstrate large regional differences, with southern African PAs typically maintaining their populations and western African PAs suffering the most severe declines. These results indicate that African PAs have generally failed to mitigate human-induced threats to African large mammal populations, but they also show some successes. Further development of our index could help to measure future progress towards post-2010 targets for reducing biodiversity loss.

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Status, pressures and management priorities in Upemba National Park, DR Congo
Weber, M. (2026) · PARKS · doi:10.2305/wpjk4601

Authors: Craigie, I. D., Baillie, J. E. M., Balmford, A., Carbone, C., Collen, B., Green, R. E., & Hutton, J. M.
Affiliations: Zoological Society of London (GB)
University of Cambridge (GB)
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (GB)
UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (GB)
Corresponding author: Craigie, Ian D.
ORCID: Baillie, Jonathan E.M.
Balmford, Andrew
Carbone, Chris
Collen, Ben
Green, Rhys E.
Venue: Biological Conservation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-09
Volume: 143
Issue: 9
Pages: 2221-2228
ISSN: 0006-3207 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.007
OpenAlex: W2083504817
Cited by: 685
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 23.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biological Conservation (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Natural Environment Research Council
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Wildlife Conservation and Criminology Analyses
Keywords: large mammals, population decline (ecology), protected areas, conservation effectiveness, anthropogenic threats, biodiversity loss, regional variation

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Large mammal population declines in Africa’s protected areas

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