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How anthropomorphism is changing the social context of modern wildlife conservation

Manfredo, Michael J., Urquiza-Haas, Esmeralda G., Don Carlos, Andrew W., Bruskotter, Jeremy T., Dietsch, Alia M.·2020·Biological Conservation
DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108297
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Abstract

This study proposes that anthropomorphism is a key factor in stimulating both wildlife value shift and changing attitudes toward wildlife management in modernized countries. Evidence suggests that cultural shift due to modernization increases anthropomorphic attributions which leads to seeing wildlife as more human-like. This provides a foundation for a shift in values from domination, in which wildlife are for human uses, to mutualism in which wildlife are seen as part of one’s social community. This theoretical proposition was tested with a nationwide study of 43,949 U.S. subjects obtained by mail survey and e-mail panel. Values and anthropomorphism were measured using established item scaling. We found that, as expected, anthropomorphism is strongly related to mutualist values. It was weakly associated with modernization variables (income, urbanization, education) at the individual level and moderately associated at the state level. Results suggest a modernized environment fosters anthropomorphic attribution, but the variables we used are not the proximate cause of this process at individual level. To provide a partial test of the likely causal sequence, we found that the effect of anthropomorphism on attitudes is mediated by wildlife values. Anthropomorphism, through its effect in stimulating value shift, leads to challenges of traditional approaches to wildlife management. It emphasizes consideration of individual animals and the avoidance of lethal control techniques su…

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Metadata

Authors
Manfredo, M. J., Urquiza-Haas, E. G., Don Carlos, A. W., Bruskotter, J. T., & Dietsch, A. M.
Venue
Biological Conservation
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-01
Volume
241
Pages
108297
ISSN
0006-3207
DOI
10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108297
Cited by
91
References
7
Language
en
Licence
Funders
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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