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Organ-on-a-chip model of vascularized human bone marrow niches
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Abstract
Bone marrow niches (endosteal and perivascular) play important roles in both normal bone marrow function and pathological processes such as cancer cell dormancy. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying these events in humans has been severely limited by models that cannot dissect dynamic events at the niche level. Utilizing microfluidic and stem cell technologies, we present a 3D in vitro model of human bone marrow that contains both the perivascular and endosteal niches, complete with dynamic, perfusable vascular networks. We demonstrate that our model can replicate in vivo bone marrow function, including maintenance and differentiation of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, egress of neutrophils (CD66b+), and niche-specific responses to doxorubicin and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. Our platform provides opportunities to accelerate current understanding of human bone marrow function and drug response with high spatial and temporal resolution.
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A bone-marrow-on-a-chip supported proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells into monocytes and neutrophils.
“BMoaC supported proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) into monocytes and neutrophils.”
From Cancer-on-chip models for metastasis: importance of the tumor microenvironment (2024) · cites this paper as [118]
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Advances of 3D Cell Co-Culture Technology Based on Microfluidic Chips
Li, C., He, W., Song, Y., Zhang, X., Sun, J., & Zhou, Z. (2024) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios14070336 · Cited by 35
Bioengineering the Bone Marrow Vascular Niche
Bessy, T., Itkin, T., & Passaro, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.645496 · Cited by 35
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Vascularized tumor-on-a-chip to investigate immunosuppression of CAR-T cells
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Self-citationComplex in vitro models positioned for impact to drug testing in pharma: a review
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Engineering human immune organoids for translational immunology
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Functionalized 3D scaffolds for engineering the hematopoietic niche
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Opportunities for Microphysiological Systems in Toxicity Testing of New Drug Modalities
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Microfluidic-based platforms for cell-to-cell communication studies
Zhu, L., Tang, Q., Mao, Z., Chen, H., Wu, L. J., & Qin, Y. (2023) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5090/ad1116 · Cited by 18
Li, Q., Nikolova, M. T., Zhang, G., Červenka, I., Valigi, F., Bürri, D., Plantier, E., Mazzoleni, A., Lamouline, A., Schwaller, J., et al. (2025) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2025.10.009 · Cited by 16
Fabrication of a novel 3D-printed perfusion bioreactor for complex cell culture models
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Organotypic stromal cells impact endothelial cell transcriptome in 3D microvessel networks
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Self-citationNeutrophils in colorectal cancer: mechanisms, prognostic value, and therapeutic implications
Wang, X., He, S., Gong, X., Lei, S., Zhang, Q., Xiong, J., & Liu, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1538635 · Cited by 15
Oliveira, C. S., Nadine, S., Gomes, M. C., Correia, C. R., & Mano, J. F. (2022) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.001 · Cited by 15
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State of the Art Modelling of the Breast Cancer Metastatic Microenvironment: Where Are We?
Nuckhir, M., Withey, D., Cabral, S. C. M., Harrison, H., & Clarke, R. B. (2024) · Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia · doi:10.1007/s10911-024-09567-z · Cited by 14
Kefallinou, D., Grigoriou, M., Boumpas, D. T., & Tserepi, A. D. (2024) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering11080748 · Cited by 13
Building bones for blood and beyond: the growing field of bone marrow niche model development
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Lamouline, A., Bersini, S., & Moretti, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1135401 · Cited by 12
Biofabrication Directions in Recapitulating the Immune System‐on‐a‐Chip
Janssen, R., Benito‐Zarza, L., Cleijpool, P., Valverde, M. G., Mihaila, S. M., Bastiaan‐Net, S., Garssen, J., Willemsen, L. E. M., & Masereeuw, R. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202304569 · Cited by 12
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Three-dimensional bioprinting of in vitro tumor organoid and organ-on-a-chip models
Anderson, S. R., Stagner, E., Sivakumar, H., & Skardal, A. (2023) · MRS Bulletin · doi:10.1557/s43577-023-00559-8 · Cited by 12
Advances in the Construction and Application of Bone‐on‐a‐Chip Based on Microfluidic Technologies
Zhong, C., Tang, Z., Yu, X., Wang, L., Ren, C., Qin, L., & Zhou, P. (2024) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials · doi:10.1002/jbm.b.35502 · Cited by 11
Organ‐on‐chip for advancing CAR therapy
Ngashangva, L., & Martin, S. (2025) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1002/cti2.70024 · Cited by 11
Guo, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, X., Li, J., Gao, S., Lv, Y., & Ouyang, L. (2025) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202501594 · Cited by 11
Bone-on-a-chip recapitulates dynamic bone remodeling
Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Sun, Z., An, C., Zheng, G., Shen, Y., Zhu, X., Ren, C., Zhang, L., Chen, T., et al. (2025) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2025.10.039 · Cited by 11
Bioengineering Bone‐on‐a‐Chip Model Harnessing Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Resolution
Erbay, I. H., Polatlı, E., Koç, A. C., Özbilgiç, R., Karaman, O., & Güven, S. (2022) · Advanced Engineering Materials · doi:10.1002/adem.202201063 · Cited by 11
Fan, X., Yan, Y., Zhao, L., Xu, X. Y., Dong, Y., & Sun, W. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1183163 · Cited by 11
Microfabricated Organ-Specific Models of Tumor Microenvironments
Oh, J. M., Park, Y., Lee, J., & Shen, K. (2025) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110222-103522 · Cited by 10
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Shirure, V. S., Yechikov, S., Shergill, B. S., Dehghani, T., Block, A. V., Sodhi, H., Panitch, A., & George, S. C. (2023) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d2lc01070d · Cited by 9
Self-citationModelling Osteoporosis in Pre-Clinical Research—Challenges, Trends and New Approaches
Plank, J., Damerau, A., Chacon, M. S., Hoff, P., Buttgereit, F., & Pfeiffenberger, M. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14211649 · Cited by 8
Hong, M., Wang, G., Yang, M., Hong, L., Huang, H., Liu, T., Wang, S., Shen, R., He, H., Li, Y., et al. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202419798 · Cited by 8
Biomimetic Gland Models with Engineered Stratagems
Lin, X., Sun, L., Lu, M., & Zhao, Y. (2023) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.0232 · Cited by 8
Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers
Kozalak, G., & Koşar, A. (2025) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios15030176 · Cited by 7
Evaluation of current mouse in vivo models and advanced in vitro models for leukaemia research
Bubnova, X., Hope, L., & Wheadon, H. (2025) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2025.101318 · Cited by 7
3D In Vitro Models of the Bone Marrow Niche
Scala, P., Serio, B., & Giudice, V. (2025) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c01421 · Cited by 7
Sharipol, A., & Frisch, B. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Hematology · doi:10.3389/frhem.2024.1407698 · Cited by 7
Heterotypic interaction promotes asymmetric division of human hematopoietic progenitors
Candelas, A., Vianay, B., Gélin, M., Faivre, L., Larghero, J., Blanchoin, L., Théry, M., & Brunet, S. (2024) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.203088 · Cited by 7
Aparici‐Herraiz, I., Caires, H. R., Castillo‐Fernández, Ó., Sima, N., Méndez-Mora, L., Risueño, R. M., Sattabongkot, J., Roobsoong, W., Hernández-Machado, A., Fernández-Becerra, C., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.920204 · Cited by 7
Engineered bone matrix models for understanding breast cancer skeletal metastasis
Persson, K. M., Whitman, M. A., & Fischbach, C. (2026) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-025-10310-1 · Cited by 6
Recent technological advances in lab-on-a-chip for bone remodeling
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Lee, B. (2024) · BMB Reports · doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2024-0074 · Cited by 6
Cocchi, C., Dapporto, M., Guerrieri, A. N., Liverani, C., Tavoni, M., Bellotti, C., Spadazzi, C., Tampieri, A., Gambarotti, M., Miserocchi, G., et al. (2025) · Journal of Functional Biomaterials · doi:10.3390/jfb16060220 · Cited by 5
Advances in bone organoids research and future perspectives
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Application and progress of 3D tumor models in breast cancer
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Modeling human natural killer cell development and drug response in a microfluidic bone marrow model
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Organoid Models of Lymphoid Tissues
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Donsante, S., Siciliano, G., Ciardo, M., Palmisano, B., Messina, V., de Turris, V., Farinacci, G., Serafini, M., Silvestrini, F., Corsi, A., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1161669 · Cited by 5
Microphysiological systems for metastasis research: a stepwise approach
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Bone-on-a-chip technology review: Clinical applications, scientific advancements, and challenges
Nejati, O., Madani, G., Mazhari, Z., Dayhimi, V., Gharivi, M., Babaeizad, A., Mofazali, P., & Farshid, S. (2025) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2025.107565 · Cited by 4
Syahruddin, M. H., Ana, I. D., Belyaev, D., Irnawati, D., Wihadmadyatami, H., Beshchasna, N., & Anggraeni, R. (2025) · Biomedical Reports · doi:10.3892/br.2025.2079 · Cited by 3
Silicate Biomaterials‐Induced Bone Marrow Organoids for Tissue Regeneration
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Bridging the Gap Between Static Histology and Dynamic Organ-on-a-Chip Models
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Tumor organoid-immune cell co-culture systems for precision oncology
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A dynamic biomimetic model of the membrane-bound CD4-CD3-TCR complex during pMHC disengagement
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Self-citationTissue-Engineered Three-Dimensional Platforms for Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Development
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Fibrin scaffolds for angiogenesis in soft tissue models: a systematic review
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Integrating synthetic biology to understand and engineer the heart, lung, blood, and sleep systems
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Advances in Bone-on-a-Chips for In Vitro Modeling of Bone Physiology and Pathology
Cheng, X., Lu, M., Ma, M., Zhou, S., Xu, J., Li, Y., & Lu, H. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14030710 · Cited by 2
The rise of bone marrow organoids as next-generation models for blood formation and failure
Stolz, A., Harmon, L. M., Li, J., Rettkowski, J., Rodríguez-Meira, A., Shiroshita, K., Tran, V. L., Khan, A. O., & Klein, C. (2026) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2026.105428 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Glaser, D. E., Curtis, M. B., Sariano, P. A., Rollins, Z. A., Shergill, B. S., Anand, A., Deely, A. M., Shirure, V. S., Anderson, L., Lowen, J. M., Ng, N. R., Weilbaecher, K., Link, D. C., & George, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- George, Steven C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- 280
- Pages
- 121245
- ISSN
- 0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10658812
- OpenAlex
- W3213963490
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 15
- FWCI
- 6.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomaterials (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (F32CA210540-01A1, R21CA208519, UH3TR000481)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Keywords
- bone marrow microenvironment, organ-on-a-chip, perivascular niche, endosteal niche, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, CD34+ cells, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, 3D in vitro model, drug response
- MeSH terms
- Bone and Bones, Bone Marrow, Bone Marrow Cells, Cell Differentiation, Hematopoiesis, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Humans, Stem Cell Niche, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
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