Myeloproliferative neoplasia remodels the endosteal bone marrow niche into a self-reinforcing leukemic niche
Open accessAbstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) and their osteoblastic lineage cell (OBC) derivatives are part of the bone marrow (BM) niche and contribute to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance. Here, we show that myeloproliferative neoplasia (MPN) progressively remodels the endosteal BM niche into a self-reinforcing leukemic niche that impairs normal hematopoiesis, favors leukemic stem cell (LSC) function, and contributes to BM fibrosis. We show that leukemic myeloid cells stimulate MSCs to overproduce functionally altered OBCs, which accumulate in the BM cavity as inflammatory myelofibrotic cells. We identify roles for thrombopoietin, CCL3, and direct cell-cell interactions in driving OBC expansion, and for changes in TGF-β, Notch, and inflammatory signaling in OBC remodeling. MPN-expanded OBCs, in turn, exhibit decreased expression of many HSC retention factors and severely compromised ability to maintain normal HSCs, but effectively support LSCs. Targeting this pathological interplay could represent a novel avenue for treatment of MPN-affected patients and prevention of myelofibrosis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
MPPGM appears to be a nexus of myeloid expansion under both inflammatory conditions and in animal models of myeloid malignancy.
“It is noteworthy that MPPGM (also commonly referred to as MPP3) (Challen et al., 2021) appears to be a nexus of myeloid expansion under both inflammatory conditions and in animal models of myeloid malignancy (Schepers et al., 2013; Pietras et al., 2015; Shih et al., 2015; Pietras et al., 2016; Herault et al., 2017; Hernandez et al., 2020; Kang et al., 2020; Rabe et al., 2020).”
From PU.1 is required to restrain myelopoiesis during chronic inflammatory stress (2023) · cites this paper as Schepers et al., 2013
The Results section on MPN development reports severe granulocytic expansion in a mouse model of CML, supporting the broad myeloid-expansion context. But the paper does not identify MPPGM/MPP3 as the nexus of that expansion; its Discussion says the MPN myeloid cells were not characterized beyond broad Mac-1 expression. Its discussion of inflammation concerns niche remodeling, not MPPGM expansion under inflammatory conditions. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAccumulation of inflammatory myelofibrotic cells and downregulation of factors regulating niche function and HSC retention, including CXCL12, n-cadherin, SCF, angiopoietin-1, and TGF-1 and -2, occur in this context.
“They demonstrated the accumulation of inflammatory myelofibrotic cells in this context and downregulation of factors regulating the niche function and HSC retention, including the chemokine CXCL12, n-cadherin, SCF, angiopoietin-1, and TGF-1 and -2.”
From Inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
OBCs expand in the presence of malignant hematopoietic cells resulting in extensive remodeling of the BM microenvironment.
“Schepers et al demonstrated that OBCs expand in the presence of malignant hematopoietic cells resulting in extensive remodeling of the BM microenvironment.8”
From Inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Osteoblastic cells regulate the haematopoietic stem cell niche
Calvi, L. M., Adams, G. B., Weibrecht, K. W., Weber, J. M., Olson, D. P., Knight, M. C., Martin, R. P., Schipani, E., Pajevic, P. D., Bringhurst, F. R., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02040 · Cited by 3,452 · see citing works
Mesenchymal and haematopoietic stem cells form a unique bone marrow niche
Méndez‐Ferrer, S., Michurina, T. V., Ferraro, F., Mazloom, A. R., MacArthur, B. D., Lira, S. A., Scadden, D. T., Ma’ayan, A., Enikolopov, G., & Frenette, P. S. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09262 · Cited by 3,381 · see citing works
Hematopoiesis: An Evolving Paradigm for Stem Cell Biology
Orkin, S. H., & Zon, L. I. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.025 · Cited by 2,570 · see citing works
Endothelial and perivascular cells maintain haematopoietic stem cells
Ding, L., Saunders, T. L., Enikolopov, G., & Morrison, S. J. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10783 · Cited by 1,934 · see citing works
CXCL12 in early mesenchymal progenitors is required for haematopoietic stem-cell maintenance
Greenbaum, A. M., Hsu, Y.-M. S., Day, R. B., Schuettpelz, L. G., Christopher, M. J., Borgerding, J. N., Nagasawa, T., & Link, D. C. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11926 · Cited by 1,372 · see citing works
Building strong bones: molecular regulation of the osteoblast lineage
Long, F. (2011) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3254 · Cited by 1,149 · see citing works
Bone-marrow adipocytes as negative regulators of the haematopoietic microenvironment
Naveiras, O., Nardi, V., Wenzel, P. L., Hauschka, P. V., Fahey, F., & Daley, G. Q. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08099 · Cited by 1,129 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, not all MSC derivatives have HSC-supportive activity, and, in fact, mature adipocytes negatively impact HSC function (Naveiras et al., 2009).”
BackgroundBone progenitor dysfunction induces myelodysplasia and secondary leukaemia
Raaijmakers, M. H. G. P., Mukherjee, S., Guo, S., Zhang, S., Kobayashi, T., Schoonmaker, J. A., Ebert, B. L., Al-Shahrour, F., Hasserjian, R. P., Scadden, E. O., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08851 · Cited by 1,115 · see citing works
Chow, A. T., Lucas, D., Hidalgo, A., Méndez‐Ferrer, S., Hashimoto, D., Scheiermann, C., Battista, M., Leboeuf, M., Prophete, C., van Rooijen, N., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20101688 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Omatsu, Y., Sugiyama, T., Kohara, H., Kondoh, G., Fujii, N., Kohno, K., & Nagasawa, T. (2010) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.08.017 · Cited by 849 · see citing works
Winkler, I. G., Sims, N. A., Pettit, A. R., Barbier, V., Nowlan, B., Helwani, F., Poulton, I. J., van Rooijen, N., Alexander, K. A., Raggatt, L. J., et al. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-11-253534 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Nonmyelinating Schwann Cells Maintain Hematopoietic Stem Cell Hibernation in the Bone Marrow Niche
Yamazaki, S., Ema, H., Karlsson, G., Yamaguchi, T., Miyoshi, H., Shioda, S., Taketo, M. M., Karlsson, S., Iwama, A., & Nakauchi, H. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.053 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Chang, M. K., Raggatt, L. J., Alexander, K. A., Kuliwaba, J. S., Fazzalari, N. L., Schroder, K., Maylin, E. R., Ripoll, V. M., Hume, D. A., & Pettit, A. R. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.2.1232 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Passegue, E. A., Jamieson, C. H. M., Ailles, L., & Weissman, I. L. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2034201100 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Park, D., Spencer, J. A., Koh, B. I., Kobayashi, T., Fujisaki, J., Clemens, T. L., Lin, C. P., Kronenberg, H. M., & Scadden, D. T. (2012) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.02.003 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Sordi, V., Malosio, M. L., Marchesi, F., Mercalli, A., Melzi, R., Giordano, T., Belmonte, N., Ferrari, G., Leone, B. E., Bertuzzi, F., et al. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-09-3507 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
The myeloproliferative disorders.
Campbell, P., & Green, A. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra063728 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
A Microenvironment-Induced Myeloproliferative Syndrome Caused by Retinoic Acid Receptor γ Deficiency
Walkley, C. R., Olsen, G. H., Dworkin, S., Fabb, S. A., Swann, J. B., McArthur, G. A., Westmoreland, S. V., Chambon, P., Scadden, D. T., & Purton, L. E. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.014 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Holyoake, T. L., Jiang, X., Eaves, C. J., & Eaves, A. C. (1999) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v94.6.2056 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
The leukemic stem cell niche: current concepts and therapeutic opportunities.
Lane, S. W., Scadden, D., & Gilliland, D. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-01-202606 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Frenette, P. S., Pinho, S., Lucas, D., & Scheiermann, C. (2013) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095919 · Cited by 462 · cited 6× · see citing works
“…reside in the bone marrow (BM) cavity, where they interact with different types of stromal cells expressing important regulatory molecules including stem cell factor (SCF), C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12, also called SDF1a), and transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) (Frenette et al., 2013).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGordon, M. Y., Dowding, C., Riley, G. P., Goldman, J. M., & Greaves, M. F. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/328342a0 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Rb Regulates Interactions between Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Bone Marrow Microenvironment
Walkley, C. R., Shea, J. M., Sims, N. A., Purton, L. E., & Orkin, S. H. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.055 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Requirement for CD44 in homing and engraftment of BCR-ABL–expressing leukemic stem cells
Krause, D. S., Lazarides, K., von Andrian, U. H., & Etten, R. A. V. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1489 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Zhang, B., Ho, Y., Huang, Q., Maeda, T., Lin, A., Lee, S.-U., Hair, A., Holyoake, T. L., Huettner, C. S., & Bhatia, R. (2012) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.018 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Reynaud, D., Pietras, E., Barry-Holson, K., Mir, A., Binnewies, M., Jeanne, M., Sala-Torra, O., Radich, J. P., & Passegué, E. (2011) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2011.10.012 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citationLevine, R. L., & Gilliland, D. G. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-03-077966 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Functional inhibition of osteoblastic cells in an in vivo mouse model of myeloid leukemia
Frisch, B. J., Ashton, J. M., Xing, L., et al. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-04-348151 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Safar, V., Gastinne, T., Milpied, N. J., Maisonneuve, H., Morineau, N., Dubruille, V., Mahé, B., Moreau, P., Jardel, H., Planche, L., et al. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v112.11.2190.2190 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Sonomoto, K., Yamaoka, K., Oshita, K., Fukuyo, S., Zhang, X., Nakano, K., Okada, Y., & Tanaka, Y. (2012) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.34555 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Santaguida, M. A., Schepers, K., King, B., Sabnis, A. J., Forsberg, E. C., Attema, J. L., Braun, B. S., & Passegue, E. A. (2009) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2009.02.016 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationVallet, S., Pozzi, S., Patel, K. J., Vaghela, N. N., Fulciniti, M., Veiby, P. O., Hideshima, T., Santo, L., Cirstea, D. D., Scadden, D. T., et al. (2011) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/leu.2011.43 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
SCL: From the origin of hematopoiesis to stem cells and leukemia
Lécuyer, É., & Hoang, T. (2004) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2003.10.010 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
The vascular niche: home for normal and malignant hematopoietic stem cells
Doan, P., & Chute, J. (2012) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/leu.2011.236 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Primary Myelofibrosis: Update on Definition, Pathogenesis, and Treatment
Abdel-Wahab, O. I., & Levine, R. L. (2008) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.60.041707.160528 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Focus on myeloproliferative diseases and myelodysplastic syndromes
Etten, R. A. V., & Shannon, K. (2004) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2004.12.004 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Molecular aspects of rheumatoid arthritis: role of transcription factors
Okamoto, H., Cujec, T. P., Yamanaka, H., & Kamatani, N. (2008) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06582.x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Erices, A. A., Conget, P. A., Rojas, C., & Minguell, J. J. (2002) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.2002.5627 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Activated Gs signaling in osteoblastic cells alters the hematopoietic stem cell niche in mice
Schepers, K., Hsiao, E. C., Garg, T., Scott, M. J., & Passegue, E. A. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-11-395418 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationChitteti, B. R., Cheng, Y., Streicher, D. A., Rodrı́guez, S., Carlesso, N., Srour, E. F., & Kacena, M. A. (2010) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.22694 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Myelofibrosis in chronic myeloproliferative disorders--dynamics and clinical impact.
Thiele, J., & Kvasnicka, H. M. (2006) · PubMed · doi:10.14670/hh-21.1367 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Varricchio, L., Mancini, A., & Migliaccio, A. R. (2009) · Expert Review of Hematology · doi:10.1586/ehm.09.17 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The bone marrow niche for haematopoietic stem cells
Morrison, S. J., & Scadden, D. T. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12984 · Cited by 2,451 · see citing works
Perivascular Gli1+ Progenitors Are Key Contributors to Injury-Induced Organ Fibrosis
Kramann, R., Schneider, R. K., DiRocco, D. P., Machado, F., Fleig, S., Bondzie, P. A., Henderson, J. M., Ebert, B. L., & Humphreys, B. D. (2015) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2014.11.004 · Cited by 922 · see citing works
Chronic variable stress activates hematopoietic stem cells
Heidt, T., Sager, H. B., Courties, G., Dutta, P., Iwamoto, Y., Zaltsman, A., von zur Muhlen, C., Bode, C., Fricchione, G. L., Denninger, J., et al. (2014) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3589 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Adult haematopoietic stem cell niches
Crane, G. M., Jeffery, E., & Morrison, S. J. (2017) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2017.53 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Neuropathy of haematopoietic stem cell niche is essential for myeloproliferative neoplasms
Arranz, L., Sánchez-Aguilera, A., Martín-Pérez, D., Isern, J., Langa, X., Tzankov, A., Lundberg, P., Muntión, S., Tzeng, Y.-S., Lai, D.-M., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13383 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Mesenchymal stem cells in fibrotic disease
El Agha, E., Kramann, R., Schneider, R. K., Li, X., Seeger, W., Humphreys, B. D., & Bellusci, S. (2017) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2017.07.011 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Inflammation: a key regulator of hematopoietic stem cell fate in health and disease
Pietras, E. M. (2017) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2017-06-780882 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Self-citationGiustacchini, A., Thongjuea, S., Barkas, N., Woll, P. S., Povinelli, B. J., Booth, C. A. G., Sopp, P., Norfo, R., Rodriguez-Meira, A., Ashley, N., et al. (2017) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4336 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Hanoun, M., Zhang, D., Mizoguchi, T., Pinho, S., Pierce, H., Kunisaki, Y., Lacombe, J., Armstrong, S. A., Dührsen, U., & Frenette, P. S. (2014) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2014.06.020 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Zambetti, N. A., Ping, Z., Chen, S., Kenswil, K. J. G., Mylona, M. A., Sanders, M. A., Hoogenboezem, R. M., Bindels, E. M. J., Adisty, M. N., Van Strien, P. M. H., et al. (2016) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2016.08.021 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Neural Regulation of Hematopoiesis, Inflammation, and Cancer
Hanoun, M., Maryanovich, M., Arnal-Estapé, A., & Frenette, P. S. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.01.026 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Dnmt3a loss predisposes murine hematopoietic stem cells to malignant transformation
Mayle, A., Yang, L., Rodriguez, B., Zhou, T., Chang, E., Curry, C. V., Challen, G. A., Li, W., Wheeler, D., Rebel, V. I., et al. (2015) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2014-08-594648 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Alves, R., Gonçalves, A. C., Rutella, S., Almeida, A. M., De Las Rivas, J., Trougakos, I. P., & Sarmento Ribeiro, A. B. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13194820 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Leukemia Propagating Cells Rebuild an Evolving Niche in Response to Therapy
Duan, C.-W., Shi, J., Chen, J., Wang, B., Yu, Y.-H., Qin, X., Zhou, X.-C., Cai, Y.-J., Li, Z.-Q., Zhang, F., et al. (2014) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2014.04.015 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Organ-on-a-chip model of vascularized human bone marrow niches
Glaser, D. E., Curtis, M. B., Sariano, P. A., Rollins, Z. A., Shergill, B. S., Anand, A., Deely, A. M., Shirure, V. S., Anderson, L., Lowen, J. M., et al. (2022) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121245 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Neural regulation of bone and bone marrow
Maryanovich, M., Takeishi, S., & Frenette, P. S. (2018) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a031344 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Aged hematopoietic stem cells are refractory to bloodborne systemic rejuvenation interventions
Ho, T. T., Dellorusso, P. V., Verovskaya, E. V., Bakker, S. T., Flach, J., Smith, L. K., Ventura, P. B., Lansinger, O. M., Hérault, A., Zhang, S. Y., et al. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20210223 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationInflammatory bone marrow microenvironment
Leimkühler, N. B., & Schneider, R. K. (2019) · Hematology · doi:10.1182/hematology.2019000045 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Kramann, R., & Schneider, R. K. (2018) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2018-02-834820 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Bone marrow inflammation in haematological malignancies
de Jong, M. M. E., Chen, L., Raaijmakers, M. H. G. P., & Cupedo, T. (2024) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01003-x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Gleitz, H. F., Kramann, R., & Schneider, R. K. (2018) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.5078 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
PU.1 is required to restrain myelopoiesis during chronic inflammatory stress
Chavez, J. S., Rabe, J. L., Niño, K. E., Wells, H. H., Gessner, R. L., Mills, T. S., Hernandez, G., & Pietras, E. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1204160 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“under both inflammatory conditions and in animal models of myeloid malignancy (Schepers et al., 2013; Pietras et al., 2015; Shih et al., 2015; Pietras et al., 2016; Herault et al., 2017; Hernandez et al., 2020; Kang et al., 2020; Rabe et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRamos, T. L., Sánchez-Abarca, L. I., Redondo, A., Hernández-Hernández, Á., Almeida, A. M., Puig, N., Rodríguez, C., Ortega, R., Preciado, S., Rico, A., et al. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.15969 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schepers, K., Pietras, E. M., Reynaud, D., Flach, J., Binnewies, M., Garg, T., Wagers, A. J., Hsiao, E. C., & Passegué, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell stem cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-09
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 285-299
- ISSN
- 1875-9777 (ISSN-L)
- 1934-5909
- PMC
- PMC3769504
- OpenAlex
- W2056278417
- Cited by
- 614
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 25.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell stem cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U01HL100402, R01HL092471, F32HL106989)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (K08AR056299)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
- Keywords
- multipotent stromal cells, hematopoietic stem cell maintenance, leukemia stem cells, myelofibrosis, bone marrow fibrosis, thrombopoietin, CCL3, TGF-beta, Notch signaling, inflammatory signaling, cell-cell interactions
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone Marrow, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Leukemia, Mice, Transgenic, Myeloproliferative Disorders, Thrombopoietin, Neoplastic Stem Cells, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Mice, Receptors, Notch, Cell Transdifferentiation, Chemokine CCL3, Stem Cell Niche, Primary Myelofibrosis, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
