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Cited by 438Electromagnetic Fields and Biological EffectsMagnetic and Electromagnetic EffectsOcular and Laser Science Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards

Hardell, Lennart, Sage, Cindy·2008·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
DOI 10.1016/j.biopha.2007.12.004
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Abstract

During recent years there has been increasing public concern on potential health risks from power-frequency fields (extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields; ELF) and from radiofrequency/microwave radiation emissions (RF) from wireless communications. Non-thermal (low-intensity) biological effects have not been considered for regulation of microwave exposure, although numerous scientific reports indicate such effects. The BioInitiative Report is based on an international research and public policy initiative to give an overview of what is known of biological effects that occur at low-intensity electromagnetic fields (EMFs) exposure. Health endpoints reported to be associated with ELF and/or RF include childhood leukaemia, brain tumours, genotoxic effects, neurological effects and neurodegenerative diseases, immune system deregulation, allergic and inflammatory responses, breast cancer, miscarriage and some cardiovascular effects. The BioInitiative Report concluded that a reasonable suspicion of risk exists based on clear evidence of bioeffects at environmentally relevant levels, which, with prolonged exposures may reasonably be presumed to result in health impacts. Regarding ELF a new lower public safety limit for habitable space adjacent to all new or upgraded power lines and for all other new constructions should be applied. A new lower limit should also be used for existing habitable space for children and/or women who are pregnant. A precautionary limit should be adopted for outdoor, cumulative RF exposure and for cumulative indoor RF fields with considerably lower limits than existing guidelines, see the BioInitiative Report. The current guidelines for the US and European microwave exposure from mobile phones, for the brain are 1.6 W/Kg and 2 W/Kg, respectively. Since use of mobile phones is associated with an increased risk for brain tumour after 10 years, a new biologically based guideline is warranted. Other health impacts associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields not summarized here may be found in the BioInitiative Report at www.bioinitiative.org.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.biopha.2007.12.004

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Scinicariello, 2007, Genetic heterogeneity and its effect on susceptibility to environmental factors, Eur J Oncol, 12, 155

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Metadata

Authors
Hardell, L., & Sage, C.
Affiliations
Örebro University Hospital (SE)
Corresponding author
Hardell, Lennart
ORCID
Hardell, Lennart
Venue
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-02
Volume
62
Issue
2
Pages
104-109
ISSN
0753-3322 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.biopha.2007.12.004
OpenAlex
W2153114746
Cited by
438
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 24
FWCI
10.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular and Laser Science Research
Keywords
extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, microwave irradiation, non-thermal biological effects, public exposure limits, power transmission lines, mobile phone radiation, pediatric leukemia, precautionary principle, electromagnetic field regulation, genotoxicity, neurodegenerative diseases
MeSH terms
Child, Electromagnetic Fields, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Maximum Allowable Concentration, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Pregnancy, Radiation Monitoring, Radio Waves, Risk Assessment, Cell Phone

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