Cited by 127Stress Responses and CortisolTreatment of Major DepressionSchizophrenia research and treatment

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The Neuropsychological Profile of Psychotic Major Depression and its Relation to Cortisol

Gomez, Rowena G., Fleming, Shelley H., Keller, Jennifer, Flores, Benjamin, Kenna, Heather, DeBattista, Charles, Solvason, Brent, Schatzberg, Alan F.·2006·Biological Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.010

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Abstract

Background Our study described the neuropsychological profile of psychotic major depression (PMD) compared to nonpsychotic major depression (NPMD) patients and psychiatrically healthy controls (HC). We predicted that higher cortisol levels would be associated with greater cognitive deficits.Methods Twenty-nine PMDs, 24 NPMDs, and 26 HCs were recruited at Stanford University Medical Center. Psychiatric ratings, cortisol levels from 1800-0900 hours, and neuropsychological test data were obtained.Results PMDs had more severe cognitive impairments compared with NPMDs and HCs with the exception of simple verbal attention. PMDs had elevated mean cortisol levels from 1800 to 0100 hours which were significantly correlated with poorer verbal memory and psychomotor speed performance. Cortisol slopes from 1800 to 0100 hours were also significantly correlated with verbal memory and working memory.Conclusions While PMDs' ability to attend passively to information appears intact, they have more difficulty processing, manipulating, and encoding new information. Elevated cortisol levels, as seen in PMD patients, are associated with poorer cognitive performance especially related to verbal memory for lists of words and working memory.

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Authors: Gomez, R. G., Fleming, S. H., Keller, J., Flores, B., Kenna, H., DeBattista, C., Solvason, B., & Schatzberg, A. F.
Affiliations: Stanford Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Gomez, Rowena G.
ORCID: Keller, Jennifer
Flores, Benjamin
DeBattista, Charles
Schatzberg, Alan F.
Venue: Biological Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-09
Volume: 60
Issue: 5
Pages: 472-478
ISSN: 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.010
OpenAlex: W2073044473
Cited by: 127
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 4.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH050604, MH50604)
National Center for Research Resources (RR 00 070, M01RR000070)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords: psychotic depression, cortisol, neuropsychological profile, cognitive impairment, verbal memory, working memory, psychomotor speed, attention, diurnal cortisol rhythm
MeSH terms: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Cognition Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychotic Disorders, Reference Values, Severity of Illness Index, Verbal Learning

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The Neuropsychological Profile of Psychotic Major Depression and its Relation to Cortisol

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