Increased Brain Size in Autism—What It Will Take to Solve a Mystery

Unusual brain growth patterns in early life in patients with autistic disorder: An MRI study

Courchesne, E., Karns, C. M., Davis, H. R., Ziccardi, R., Carper, R. A., Tigue, Z. D., Chisum, H. J., Moses, P., Pierce, K., Lord, C., et al. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.2.245 · Cited by 1,487 · see citing works

Functional and anatomical cortical underconnectivity in autism: evidence from an FMRI study of an executive function task and corpus callosum morphometry

Just, M. A., Cherkassky, V. L., Keller, T. A., Kana, R. K., & Minshew, N. J. (2007) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl006 · Cited by 1,081 · see citing works

Common genetic variants on 5p14.1 associate with autism spectrum disorders

Wang, K., Zhang, H., Ma, D., Bucan, M., Glessner, J. T., Abrahams, B. S., Salyakina, D., Imielinski, M., Bradfield, J. P., Sleiman, P. M. A., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07999 · Cited by 989 · see citing works

Localization of white matter volume increase in autism and developmental language disorder

Herbert, M. R., Ziegler, D. A., Makris, N., Filipek, P. A., Kemper, T. L., Normandin, J. J., Sanders, H. A., Kennedy, D. N., & Caviness, V. S. (2004) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20032 · Cited by 663 · see citing works

Activation of the FGF receptor underlies neurite outgrowth stimulated by L1, N-CAM, and N-cadherin

Williams, E. J., Furness, J., Walsh, F. S., & Doherty, P. (1994) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90027-2 · Cited by 585 · see citing works

Changes in cerebral cortex size are governed by fibroblast growth factor during embryogenesis

Vaccarino, F. M., Schwartz, M. L., Raballo, R., Nilsen, J., Rhee, J., Zhou, M., Doetschman, T., Coffin, J. D., Wyland, J. J., & Hung, Y.-T. E. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/6350 · Cited by 394 · see citing works

Genetic advances in autism: heterogeneity and convergence on shared pathways

Bill, B. R., & Geschwind, D. H. (2009) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2009.04.004 · Cited by 164 · see citing works

Autism genetics: strategies, challenges, and opportunities

O'Roak, B. J., & State, M. W. (2008) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3 · Cited by 150 · see citing works

Erratum: Changes in cerebral cortex size are governed by fibroblast growth factor during embryogenesis

Vaccarino, F. M., Schwartz, M. L., Raballo, R., Nilsen, J., Rhee, J., Zhou, M., Doetschman, T., Coffin, J. D., Wyland, J. J., & Hung, Y.-T. E. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/12226 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

White matter volume increase and minicolumns in autism

Casanova, M. F. (2004) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20196 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Loss of Glutamatergic Pyramidal Neurons in Frontal and Temporal Cortex Resulting from Attenuation of FGFR1 Signaling Is Associated with Spontaneous Hyperactivity in Mice

Shin, D. M., Korada, S., Raballo, R., Shashikant, C. S., Simeone, A., Taylor, J. R., & Vaccarino, F. M. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5285-03.2004 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Regulation of Cerebral Cortical Size and Neuron Number by Fibroblast Growth Factors: Implications for Autism

Vaccarino, F. M., Grigorenko, E. L., Smith, K. M., & Stevens, H. E. (2008) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0653-8 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Cadherin-11 interacts with the FGF receptor and induces neurite outgrowth through associated downstream signalling

Boscher, C., & Mège, R. (2008) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.01.008 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism

Fatemi, S. H., Aldinger, K. A., Ashwood, P., Bauman, M. L., Blaha, C. D., Blatt, G. J., Chauhan, A., Chauhan, V., Dager, S. R., Dickson, P. E., et al. (2012) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-012-0355-9 · Cited by 723 · see citing works

A review on cognitive and brain endophenotypes that may be common in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and facilitate the search for pleiotropic genes

Rommelse, N. N. J., Geurts, H. M., Franke, B., Buitelaar, J. K., & Hartman, C. A. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.015 · Cited by 429 · see citing works

Early Generalized Overgrowth in Boys With Autism

Chawarska, K. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.106 · Cited by 107 · see citing works

Role of miR-146a in neural stem cell differentiation and neural lineage determination: relevance for neurodevelopmental disorders

Nguyen, L. S., Fregeac, J., Bôle‐Feysot, C., Cagnard, N., Iyer, A. M., Anink, J. J., Aronica, E., Alibeu, O., Nitschké, P., & Colleaux, L. (2018) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-018-0219-3 · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Brain MRI in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Narrative Review and Recent Advances

Rafiee, F., Habibabadi, R. R., Motaghi, M., Yousem, D. M., & Yousem, I. J. (2021) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.27949 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Engineering Cortical Neuron Polarity with Nanomagnets on a Chip

Kunze, A., Tseng, P., Godzich, C., Murray, C., Caputo, A., Schweizer, F. E., & Carlo, D. D. (2015) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn505330w · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Autism and cancer risk

Crespi, B. J. (2011) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.208 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Decreased in vivo glutamate/GABA ratio correlates with the social behavior deficit in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder

Park, G., Jeon, S. J., Ko, I. O., Park, J. H., Lee, K. C., Kim, M., Shin, C. Y., Kim, H., & Lee, Y. (2022) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-022-00904-z · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Unraveling the nature of autism: finding order amid change

Hellendoorn, A., Wijnroks, L., & Leseman, P. P. M. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00359 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Differences in regional brain structure in toddlers with autism are related to future language outcomes

Duan, K., Eyler, L. T., Pierce, K., Lombardo, M. V., Datko, M., Hagler, D. J., Taluja, V., Zahiri, J., Campbell, K. M., Barnes, C. C., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48952-4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Mice over-expressing BDNF in forebrain neurons develop an altered behavioral phenotype with age

Weidner, K. L., Buenaventura, D. F., & Chadman, K. K. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.025 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Autism spectrum disorder characterization in children by capturing local‐regional brain changes in MRI

Alvarez‐Jimenez, C., Múnera, N., Zuluaga, M. A., Toledo, N. V., & Romero, E. (2019) · Medical Physics · doi:10.1002/mp.13901 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Neuronal lineage tracing from progenitors in human cortical organoids reveals mechanisms of neuronal production, diversity, and disease

Bury, L. A. D., Fu, S., & Wynshaw-Boris, A. J. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114862 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Clinical and Neurobiological Aspects of TAO Kinase Family in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Hu, C., Feng, P., Yang, Q., & Xiao, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2021.655037 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Fibroblast growth factor 2 promotes osteo/odontogenic differentiation in stem cells from the apical papilla by inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway

Wang, Z., Chen, C., Sun, L., He, M., Huang, T., Zheng, J., & Wu, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-70123-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Extracellular vesicle profiling reveals novel autism signatures in patient-derived forebrain organoids

Stankovic, I., Smit, P., Cross, J., Rai, A., Wolujewicz, P., Greening, D. W., & Colak, D. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03607-w · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Exposure to Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S during development induces autism-like endophenotypes in adult Drosophila melanogaster

Musachio, E. A. S., Andrade, S. S., Meichtry, L. B., Fernandes, E. J., de Almeida, P. P., Janner, D. E., Dahleh, M. M. M., Guerra, G. P., & Prigol, M. (2024) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107348 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Biomarkers of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: quantitative analysis of whole-brain tissue component volumes, intelligence scores, ADOS-CSS, and ages of first-word production and walking onset

Zhou, X., Lin, W.-S., Zou, F., Zhong, S., Deng, Y., Luo, X., Shen, L., Wang, S.-H., & Guo, R. (2024) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-024-00800-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

The Cerebellum in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Bauman, M. L., & Kemper, T. L. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391924-3.00020-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Neurobiological Concomitants of Autism as Informers of Clinical Practice: a Status Review

Bitsika, V., & Sharpley, C. F. (2023) · Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s41252-023-00344-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

An integrative multi-omics approach identifies microbiome alterations linked to pathological and behavioral features in autism spectrum disorder

Mi, K., Cao, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Zhou, W., Deng, C., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Q., Wei, Y., Liu, X., et al. (2026) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102655 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Using iPSC-Based Models to Understand the Signaling and Cellular Phenotypes in Idiopathic Autism and 16p11.2 Derived Neurons

Turkalj, L., Mehta, M., Matteson, P. G., Prem, S., Williams, M., Connacher, R., DiCicco-Bloom, E. M., & Millonig, J. H. (2020) · Advances in neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45493-7_4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Structural determinants of signal speed: Estimated axonal latency and its multimodal validation during face processing in autismPreprint

Coleman, C. R., Nance, M. G., Jacokes, Z., Druzgal, T. J., Arutiunian, V., Kresse, A., Sullivan, C. A. W., Santhosh, M., Neuhaus, E., Borland, H., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.19.644214 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Developmental Shift From Intrinsic Hyper‐ to Hypo‐Connectivity Occurring at Pre‐Adolescence in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Shan, X., Li, Y., Xiao, J., Wang, X., Huang, X., Li, L., Yu, F., Zhao, W., Chen, H., & Duan, X. (2025) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.70117 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Research Issues Involving the Biology of Autism

Edelson, S. M. (2019) · Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.17759/autdd.2019170102 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Brain Morphometry Differences Between Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Healthy Individuals in a Middle Eastern Population: A Cross‐Sectional Retrospective Study

Majrashi, N. A. A., Mohtasib, R., Masawi, A., Almujally, A., Alyami, A. S., Hendi, A., Ageeli, W. A., Madkhali, Y., Alwadani, B., & Refaee, T. (2024) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1155/2024/8797606 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

The anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D on offspring brain development during pregnancy: critical review

Kozhevnikova, S. V., Elmes, M. J., Brameld, J. M., & Jethwa, P. H. (2025) · Academia Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.20935/acadnutr7573 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Neuronal lineage tracing from progenitors in human cortical organoids reveals novel mechanisms of human neuronal production, diversity, and diseasePreprint

Bury, L. A. D., Fu, S., & Wynshaw-Boris, A. J. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.06.17.545314 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Behavioral Assessment Reliability in Clinical Phenotyping and Biomarker Research for AutismPreprint

Perez-Benavides, E., Wang, J., CHEN, Z., Beeler-Duden, S., Jackokes, Z., Horn, J. D. V., Schatz, M. C., Pelphrey, K. A., & Venkataraman, A. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.01.24.25343227 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Autism human neural precursor cells exhibit common defects in neurite outgrowth, cell migration, and mTOR signaling

Prem, S. (2018) · doi:10.7282/t3-2ktw-qt73

Radiomics using frequency representations, cases of study: autism spectrum disorder and cancer characterization through MRI

Múnera, N. (2021)

Megalencephaly

Bigler, E. D., & Petrie, J. A. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1565

Megalencephaly

Bigler, E. D., & Petrie, J. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1565-2

Megalencephaly

Bigler, E. D., & Petrie, J. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_1565

Language and Social Regions Are Affected in Toddlers with Autism and Predict Later Language OutcomePreprint

Duan, K., Eyler, L. T., Pierce, K., Lombardo, M. V., Datko, M., Hagler, D. J., Taluja, V., Zahiri, J., Campbell, K. M., Barnes, C. C., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.10.25.22281531

Valproic acid triggers a sex-independent autism-like deficits, gut-brain axis, and neurodegenerative changes in the autism model of Wistar rats

Jain, A., Dhir, N., Sharma, A. R., Raja, A., Prabha, P. K., Bhatia, A., Medhi, B., & Prakash, A. (2025) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000839

The relationship between screen time and anxiety/depression symptoms in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: the mediating role of cortical volume

Chen, R., Bai, M.-S., Zhao, T. T., Yang, X., Mohamed, Z. A., & Jia, F. (2025) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-025-06203-5

Les troubles du spectre autistique au Liban : une étude épidémiologique et génétique

Gerges, P. (2022) · doi:10.70675/f14fade5z5081z4718za5b2zd91f27aa6992

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Head Circumference Study of Brain Size in Autism Birth Through Age 2 Years

Hazlett, H. C., Poe, P. M., Gerig, G., Rachel, P., & Smith, G. (2010)

Imaging Evidence for Pathological Brain Development in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Dager, S. R., Friedman, S. D., Petropoulos, H., & Shaw, D. (2008) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-489-0_17 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

The use of magnetic resonance imaging to study the brain size of young children with autism

Ashrafzadeh, F., Toosi, M. B., & Mohammadi, M. H. (2016) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.17463/rcm.2016.03.004

Head circumference and brain size in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sacco, R., Gabriele, S., & Persico, A. M. (2015) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.08.016 · Cited by 253 · see citing works

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Head Circumference Study of Brain Size in Autism: Birth Through Age 2 Years

Hazlett, H. C., Poe, M., Gerig, G., Smith, R. G., Provenzale, J., Ross, A., Gilmore, J., & Piven, J. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.12.1366 · Cited by 665 · see citing works