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Programming Bugs: Microbiota and the Developmental Origins of Brain Health and Disease
Open accessAbstract
It has been nearly 30 years since Dr. David Barker first highlighted the importance of prenatal factors in contributing to the developmental origins of adult disease. This concept was later broadened to include postnatal events. It is clear that the interaction between genetic predisposition and early life environmental exposures is key in this regard. However, recent research has also identified another important factor in the microbiota-the trillions of microorganisms that inhabit key body niches, including the vagina and gastrointestinal tract. Because the composition of these maternal microbiome sites has been linked to maternal metabolism and is also vertically transmitted to offspring, changes in the maternal microbiota are poised to significantly affect the newborn. In fact, several lines of evidence show that the gut microbiota interacts with diet, drugs, and stress both prenatally and postnatally and that these exogenous factors could also affect the dynamic changes in the microbiota composition occurring during pregnancy. Animal models have shown great utility in illuminating how these disruptions result in behavioral and brain morphological phenotypes reminiscent of psychiatric disorders (anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders). Increasing evidence points to critical interactions among the microbiota, host genetics, and both the prenatal and postnatal environments to temporally program susceptibility to psychiatric disorders later in life. Sex-specific phenotypes may be programmed through the influence of the microbiota on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and neuroimmune system.
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Ramirez, J., Maresca, T., Lopez, P., Corral, R., Corrales, A., Cabrera, A., Romero‐Ferreiro, V., & Solmi, M. (2026) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111820
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Suplementação de probióticos durante a gestação e a lactação
Mariani, C. (2021) · Femina · doi:10.61622/0100-7254496202101
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Maternal DHA Supplementation and Fetal Brain Development: Benefits, Risks, and Individual Needs
Whatley, E., FROMMACK, A., Bayliss, E., Smith, M., Woodfin, S., Mirabelli, E., Fausnacht, D. W., Gilley, K., & Moore, W. E. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18203438
Metadata
- Authors
- Codagnone, M. G., Spichak, S., O’Mahony, S. M., O’Leary, O. F., Clarke, G., Stanton, C., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Cryan, John F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 150-163
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2810733185
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 180
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 26
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Science Foundation Ireland (12/RC/2273, 12/RC/)
- APC Microbiome Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- microbiota, developmental origins of health and disease, maternal microbiome, gut microbiota, vertical transmission, pregnancy, intrauterine environment, postnatal environment, mental illness, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, behavioral phenotypes, brain structure, sex differences, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroimmune system, host genetics, diet, stress
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Mental Disorders, Brain, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
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