Cited by 272Memory and Neural MechanismsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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What's wrong with fear conditioning?

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Beckers, Tom, Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis, Boddez, Yannick, Effting, Marieke, Kindt, Merel·2013·Biological Psychology

DOI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.12.015

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Abstract

Fear conditioning is one of the prime paradigms of behavioural neuroscience and a source of tremendous insight in the fundamentals of learning and memory and the psychology and neurobiology of emotion. It is also widely regarded as a model for the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders in a diathesis-stress model of psychopathology. Starting from the apparent paradox between the adaptive nature of fear conditioning and the dysfunctional nature of pathological anxiety, we present a critique of the human fear conditioning paradigm as an experimental model for psychopathology. We discuss the potential benefits of expanding the human fear conditioning paradigm by (1) including action tendencies as an important index of fear and (2) paying more attention to "weak" (i.e., ambiguous) rather than "strong" fear learning situations (Lissek et al., 2006), such as contained in selective learning procedures. We present preliminary data that illustrate these ideas and discuss the importance of response systems divergence in understanding individual differences in vulnerability for the development of pathological anxiety.

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Authors: Beckers, T., Krypotos, A.-M., Boddez, Y., Effting, M., & Kindt, M.
Affiliations: University of Amsterdam (NL)
KU Leuven (BE)
Corresponding author: Beckers, Tom
ORCID: Beckers, Tom
Krypotos, Angelos-Miltiadis
Boddez, Yannick
Kindt, Merel
Venue: Biological Psychology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-01
Volume: 92
Issue: 1
Pages: 90-96
ISSN: 0301-0511 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.12.015
OpenAlex: W2149193362
Cited by: 272
References: 95
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 12
FWCI: 8.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ (vor, 196 d)
Locations: Biological Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: fear conditioning, anxiety disorders, diathesis-stress model, action tendencies, learning and memory
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Anxiety Disorders, Catechol O-Methyltransferase, Conditioning, Psychological, Fear, Humans, Research

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