Cited by 403Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesCognitive Abilities and Testing

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Attentional control deficits in trait anxiety: Why you see them and why you don't

Berggren, Nick, Derakshan, Nazanin·2013·Biological Psychology

DOI 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.03.007

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Abstract

Attentional Control Theory (ACT; Eysenck et al., 2007; Derakshan and Eysenck, 2009) posits that trait anxiety interferes with the inhibition, shifting and updating processes of working memory. Consequently, high anxious individuals are predicted to perform worse on cognitively demanding tasks requiring efficient cognitive processing. Whilst a growing number of studies have provided support for this view, the possible underlying mechanisms of this deficiency are far less understood. In particular, there is conflicting neuroscientific evidence with some work showing associations between anxiety and increased neural activity over frontal areas, while others report reduced activity. We review recent evidence that has helped elucidate the cognitive hallmarks of trait anxiety, and suggest how previous discrepancies can be accommodated within ACT's prediction that reduced cognitive efficiency may be ameliorated by strategies such as compensatory effort. Finally, we discuss if ACT's distinction on efficiency and effectiveness can be applied to threat-related processing, often shown to additively override attentional control in anxiety.

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Authors: Berggren, N., & Derakshan, N.
Affiliations: Birkbeck, University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: Derakshan, Nazanin
ORCID: Berggren, Nick
Venue: Biological Psychology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-03
Volume: 92
Issue: 3
Pages: 440-446
ISSN: 0301-0511 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.03.007
OpenAlex: W2079769200
Cited by: 403
References: 73
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12
FWCI: 2.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biological Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Economic and Social Research Council (1013785)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords: trait anxiety, attentional control theory, working memory, cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility, cognitive efficiency, compensatory effort, threat processing, cognitive control deficits
MeSH terms: Anxiety, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Motivation

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Attentional control deficits in trait anxiety: Why you see them and why you don't

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