CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 59Thermochemical Biomass Conversion ProcessesForest Biomass Utilization and ManagementWood Residue Utilization and Solid Biofuels

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Measuring the concentration of carboxylic acid groups in torrefied spruce wood

Khazraie Shoulaifar, Tooran, DeMartini, Nikolai, Ivaska, Ari, Fardim, Pedro, Hupa, Mikko·2012·Bioresource Technology
DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.069
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Torrefaction is moderate thermal treatment (∼200-300°C) to improve the energy density, handling and storage properties of biomass fuels. In biomass, carboxylic sites are partially responsible for its hygroscopic. These sites are degraded to varying extents during torrefaction. In this paper, we apply methylene blue sorption and potentiometric titration to measure the concentration of carboxylic acid groups in spruce wood torrefied for 30min at temperatures between 180 and 300°C. The results from both methods were applicable and the values agreed well. A decrease in the equilibrium moisture content at different humidity was also measured for the torrefied wood samples, which is in good agreement with the decrease in carboxylic acid sites. Thus both methods offer a means of directly measuring the decomposition of carboxylic groups in biomass during torrefaction as a valuable parameter in evaluating the extent of torrefaction which provides new information to the chemical changes occurring during torrefaction.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.069

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Shoulaifar et al. (2012) noted a decrease in the equilibrium moisture content of torrefied spruce wood with destruction of carboxylic groups.

    “For instance, Shoulaifar et al. (2012) clearly noted a decrease in the EMC of torrefied spruce wood with a destruction of the carboxylic groups.”

    From A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction (2014) · cites this paper as Shoulaifar et al. (2012)

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 34

  1. Acharjee, 2011, Effect of thermal pretreatment on equilibrium moisture content of lignocellulosic biomass, Bioresour. Technol., 102, 4849, 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.018 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Almeida, 2009, Changes in wood-water relationship due to heat treatment assessed on micro-samples of three Eucalyptus species, Holzforschung, 63, 80, 10.1515/HF.2009.026 · DOI
  3. Almeida, 2010, Alterations in energy properties of Eucalyptus wood and bark subjected to torrefaction: the potential of mass loss as a synthetic indicator, Bioresour. Technol., 101, 9778, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.026 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Arias, 2008, Influence of torrefaction on the grindability and reactivity of woody biomass, Fuel Process. Technol., 89, 169, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.09.002 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Bergman, P.C.A., Kiel, J.H.A., 2005. Torrefaction for biomass upgrading. In: Sjunnesson, L., Carrasco, J.E., Helm, P., Grassi, A. (Eds.), Proc. 14th European Biomass Conference, Paris, France, 17–21 October, pp. 206–209.
  6. Bridgeman, 2008, Torrefaction of reed canary grass, wheat straw and willow to enhance solid fuel qualities and combustion properties, Fuel, 87, 844, 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.041 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Chaouch, 2010, Use of wood elemental composition to predict heat treatment intensity and decay resistance of different softwood and hardwood species, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 95, 2255, 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.09.010 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Chen, 2011, Torrefaction and co-torrefaction characterization of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin as well as torrefaction of some basic constituents in biomass, Energy (Oxford, UK), 36, 803, 10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.036 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Davidson, 1947, Determination of methylene blue, J. Text. Inst., 38, T408, 10.1080/19447024708659395 · DOI
  10. DeGroot, 1985, Preliminary investigation of the association of inorganic cations with carboxylic acid groups in wood, Carbohydr. Res., 142, 172, 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)90748-1 · DOI
  11. DeMartini, 2010, Co-firing black liquor and biomass in a laboratory single droplet reactor – effects on emissions and combustion characteristics, Tappi J., 9, 29
  12. Fardim, 2003, Fast determination of anionic groups in different pulp fibers by methylene blue sorption, Tappi J., 2, 28
  13. Fardim, 2002, Critical comparison and validation of methods for determination of anionic groups in pulp fibres, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J., 17, 346, 10.3183/NPPRJ-2002-17-03-p346-351 · DOI
  14. Greenspan, 1977, Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 81, 89, 10.6028/jres.081A.011 · DOI
  15. Hakkou, 2005, Investigations of the reasons for fungal durability of heat-treated beech wood, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 91, 393, 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.04.042 · DOI
  16. Kamdem, 2000, Heat-treated timber: potentially toxic byproducts presence and extent of wood cell wall degradation, Holz. Roh Werkst., 58, 253, 10.1007/s001070050420 · DOI
  17. Karhu, J., 2008. Equilibria and Balances of Metal Ions in Kraft Pulping, Doctoral Thesis, Åbo Akademi, 2008.
  18. Laine, 1994, Potentiometric titration of unbleached kraft cellulose fibre surfaces, Colloids Surf. A, 88, 277, 10.1016/0927-7757(94)02834-6 · DOI
  19. Maher, 1976, Determination of acidic functional groups in low-rank coals: comparison of ion-exchange and non-aqueous titration methods, Fuel, 55, 138, 10.1016/0016-2361(76)90010-7 · DOI
  20. Mehta, 2006, Adsorption isotherms for red chilli (Capsicum annum L.), Eur. Food Res. Technol., 223, 849, 10.1007/s00217-006-0279-z · DOI
  21. Pierre, 2011, Influence of torrefaction on some chemical and energy properties of maritime pine and pedunculate oak, Bioresources, 6, 1204, 10.15376/biores.6.2.1204-1218 · DOI
  22. Raveendran, 1996, Pyrolysis characteristics of biomass and biomass components, Fuel, 75, 987, 10.1016/0016-2361(96)00030-0 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Rutherford, 2008, Development of acid functional groups and lactones during the thermal degradation of wood and wood components, US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5013, 43
  24. Schafer, 1979, Pyrolysis of brown coals. 1. Decomposition of acid groups in coals containing carboxyl groups in the acid and cation forms, Fuel, 58, 667, 10.1016/0016-2361(79)90221-7 · DOI
  25. Shafizadeh, 1971, Chemical composition and thermal analysis of cottonwood, Carbohydr. Res., 16, 273, 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)81161-1 · DOI
  26. Sjöström, 1989, The origin of charge on cellulosic fibres, Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J., 4, 10.3183/NPPRJ-1989-04-02-p090-093 · DOI
  27. Su, 2010, Sorption of metal ions to untreated, alkali-treated and peroxide-bleached TMP, Cellulose, 17, 1033, 10.1007/s10570-010-9439-1 · DOI
  28. Sundén, 2000, Spatial distribution and modes of chemical attachment of metal ions in spruce wood, J. Pulp Pap. Sci., 26, 352
  29. Temiz, 2006, Weathering, water absorption, and durability of silicon, acetylated, and heat-treated wood, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 102, 4506, 10.1002/app.24878 · DOI
  30. Unuabonah, 2009, Multistage optimization of the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto defatted Carica papaya seeds, Chem. Eng. J., 155, 567, 10.1016/j.cej.2009.07.012 · DOI
  31. Van der Stelt, 2011, Biomass upgrading by torrefaction for the production of biofuels: a review, Biomass Bioenergy, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.06.023 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Werkelin, 2010, Chemical forms of ash-forming elements in woody biomass fuels, Fuel, 89, 481, 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.005 · DOI
  33. Werkelin, 2011, Ash-forming elements in four Scandinavian wood species Part 3: combustion of five spruce samples, Biomass Bioenergy, 35, 725, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.10.010 · DOI
  34. Yang, 2007, Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis, Fuel, 86, 1781, 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.12.013 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Khazraie Shoulaifar, T., DeMartini, N., Ivaska, A., Fardim, P., & Hupa, M.
Affiliations
Åbo Akademi University (FI)
ORCID
Venue
Bioresource Technology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-11
Volume
123
Pages
338-343
ISSN
0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.069
OpenAlex
W2017083866
Cited by
59
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2
FWCI
2.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Åbo Akademi University Research Portal (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Forest Biomass Utilization and Management
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Wood Residue Utilization and Solid Biofuels
Keywords
torrefaction, carboxyl groups, spruce wood, potentiometric titration, hygroscopicity, equilibrium moisture content, biomass fuel, biomass pretreatment
MeSH terms
Acids, Adsorption, Biotechnology, Carboxylic Acids, Humidity, Inorganic Chemicals, Methylene Blue, Potentiometry, Temperature, Time Factors, Wood, Biomass, Picea

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review