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Hydrothermal liquefaction of mixed-culture algal biomass from wastewater treatment system into bio-crude oil
Abstract
In this study, a mixed-culture algal biomass harvested from a functioning wastewater treatment system (AW) was hydrothermally converted into bio-crude oils. The highest bio-crude oil yield (49% of volatile matter) and the highest energy recovery were obtained at 300 °C with 1 h retention time. The highest heating value of the bio-crude oil was 33.3 MJ/kg, produced at 320 °C and 1h retention time. Thermogravimetric analysis showed approximately 60% of the bio-crude oils were distilled in the range of 200-550 °C; and the solid residue might be suitable for use in asphalt. GC-MS results indicated that the bio-crude oil contained hydrocarbons and fatty acids, while the aqueous product was rich in organic acids and cyclic amines. The nitrogen recovery (NR) in the bio-crude oil ranged from 8.41% to 16.8%, which was lower than the typical range of 25%-53% from previous studies.
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“Zhang Y. H. shares authorship mainly with Liu Z. D. [17, 53–55] and Chen W. T. [56–59], as shown in Fig. 5.”
From Research Progress, Trends, and Future Prospects on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae for Biocrude Production: A Bibliometric Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [58]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, W.-T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Yu, G., Schideman, L. C., Zhang, P., & Minarick, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Yuanhui
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 152
- Pages
- 130-139
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2099465229
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 13
- FWCI
- 9.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Keywords
- hydrothermal liquefaction, algal biomass, sewage sludge, bio-crude oil, nitrogen recovery, calorific value, fatty acids, organic acids, cyclic amines, energy recovery
- MeSH terms
- Biodegradation, Environmental, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Nitrogen, Petroleum, Phosphorus, Solubility, Temperature, Thermogravimetry, Time Factors, Water, Water Purification, Biomass, Transition Temperature, Biofuels, Microalgae, Wastewater
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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