Hydrothermal liquefaction of the brown macro-alga Laminaria Saccharina: Effect of reaction conditions on product distribution and composition
Abstract
The brown macro-alga Laminaria saccharina was converted into bio-crude by hydrothermal liquefaction in a batch reactor. The influence of reactor loading, residence time, temperature and catalyst (KOH) loading was assessed. A maximum bio-crude yield of 19.3 wt% was obtained with a 1:10 biomass:water ratio at 350 °C and a residence time of 15 min without the presence of the catalyst. The bio-crude had an HHV of 36.5 MJ/kg and is similar in nature to a heavy crude oil or bitumen. The solid residue has high ash content and contains a large proportion of calcium and magnesium. The aqueous phase is rich in sugars and ammonium and contains a large proportion of potassium and sodium.
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Ross A. B. occupies the third position with an h-index of ten and ten publications.
“When the authors are arranged in citations descending order, Ross A. B. occupies the third position with an h-index of ten and ten publications, since the author has contributed to the field with significant contributions [12, 60, 61].”
From Research Progress, Trends, and Future Prospects on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae for Biocrude Production: A Bibliometric Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [61]
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- Authors
- Anastasakis, K., & Ross, A. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ross, A.B.
- ORCID
- Anastasakis, K.
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 4876-4883
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1976636383
- Cited by
- 490
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 18.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Supergen Bioenergy Consortium (EP/039995)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Coal Properties and Utilization
- Keywords
- hydrothermal liquefaction, Saccharina latissima, brown macroalgae, biocrude, KOH catalyst, residence time, biomass-to-water ratio, reaction temperature, product distribution, ash content, heavy oil, bio-oil upgrading
- MeSH terms
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Biotechnology, Calcium, Hot Temperature, Laminaria, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Water, Biofuels
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