A Review on Variation in Crude Glycerol Composition, Bio-Valorization of Crude and Purified Glycerol as Carbon Source for Lipid Production
Abstract
Crude glycerol (CG) is a by-product formed during the trans-esterification reaction for biodiesel production. Although crude glycerol is considered a waste stream of the biodiesel industry, it can replace expensive carbon substrates required for lipid production by oleaginous micro-organisms. However, crude glycerol has several impurities, such as methanol, soap, triglycerides, fatty acids, salts and metals, which are created during the trans-esterification process and may affect the cellular metabolism involved in lipid synthesis. This review aims to critically present a variation in crude glycerol composition depending on trans-esterification process and impact of impurities present in the crude glycerol on the cell growth and lipid accumulation by oleaginous microbes. This study also draws comparison between purified and crude glycerol for lipid production. Several techniques for crude glycerol purification (chemical treatment, thermal treatment, membrane technology, ion-exchange chromatography and adsorption) have been presented and discussed with reference to cost and environmental effects.
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Data obtained from the soap manufacturing industry were checked and balanced using the theory of saponification reaction.
“The data obtained from the soap manufacturing industry were checked and balanced using the theory of saponification reaction [32].”
From The Environmental Impacts of Bar Soap Production: Uncovering Sustainability Risks with LCA Analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
Section 3.1 (Soap) reports crude-glycerol composition data from a soap company and explains what happens during saponification. Neither that section nor the other retrieved passages says the industry data were checked or balanced using saponification theory. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gaur, V. K., Sharma, P., Sirohi, R., Varjani, S., Taherzadeh, M. J., Chang, J.-S., Yong Ng, H., Wong, J. W. C., & Kim, S.-H. (2022) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126059 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
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“[32] studied the relationship between the washing temperature and the overall energy used during the complete washing process.”
Influential
- Authors
- Kumar, L. R., Yellapu, S. K., Tyagi, R. D., & Zhang, X.
- Affiliations
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (CA)
- Harbin Institute of Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Tyagi, R.D.
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 293
- Pages
- 122155
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2974299775
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EspaceINRS (National Institute for Scientific Research (Canada)) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (A4984)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- crude glycerol, glycerol purification, biodiesel by-products, transesterification, lipid production, oleaginous microorganisms, methanol, soap, triglycerides, fatty acids, carbon source, membrane technology, ion-exchange chromatography, adsorption, heat treatment (food and biological processing), chemical treatment, lipid accumulation
- MeSH terms
- Carbon, Fatty Acids, Glycerol, Lipids, Biofuels
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