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Progress in biomass torrefaction: Principles, applications and challenges

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Investigation of biomass torrefaction based on three major components: Hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin

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A review of torrefaction of oil palm solid wastes for biofuel production

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An evaluation on improvement of pulverized biomass property for solid fuel through torrefaction

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Biomass torrefaction: An overview on process parameters, economic and environmental aspects and recent advancements

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An experimental analysis on property and structure variations of agricultural wastes undergoing torrefaction

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Physicochemical characterisation of torrefied biomass

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Water hyacinth as a biomass: A review

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The outlook of the production of advanced fuels and chemicals from integrated oil palm biomass biorefinery

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Removal of Malachite Green, a hazardous dye from aqueous solutions using Avena sativa (oat) hull as a potential adsorbent

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Thermal behaviour and kinetic study for woody biomass torrefaction and torrefied biomass pyrolysis by TGA

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Torrefied biomasses in a drop tube furnace to evaluate their utility in blast furnaces

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Oxidative torrefaction of biomass nutshells: Evaluations of energy efficiency as well as biochar transportation and storage

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A Study of Particle Size Effect on Biomass Torrefaction and Densification

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A study on torrefaction of food waste

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Microwave torrefaction of rice straw and pennisetum

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Influence of torrefaction pretreatment on corncobs: A study on fundamental characteristics, thermal behavior, and kinetic

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Torrefaction of Loblolly pine

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A review on nano-catalysts and biochar-based catalysts for biofuel production

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Effect of Torrefaction on Properties of Pellets Produced from Woody Biomass

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Biomass Pyrolysis and Gasification of Varying Particle Sizes in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor

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The Effect of Biochar Addition on the Biogas Production Kinetics from the Anaerobic Digestion of Brewers’ Spent Grain

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Upgrading of bio-oil via solar pyrolysis of the biomass pretreated with aqueous phase bio-oil washing, solar drying, and solar torrefaction

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Oxygen-rich biochar from torrefaction: A versatile adsorbent for water pollution control

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Torrefaction of fruit peel waste to produce environmentally friendly biofuel

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Adsorption of furfural from torrefaction condensate using torrefied biomass

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A thermogravimetric assessment of the tri-combustion process for coal, biomass and polyethylene

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Effect of temperature and holding time on bamboo torrefaction

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Torrefaction of herbal medicine wastes: Characterization of the physicochemical properties and combustion behaviors

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Effects and mechanism of ball milling on torrefaction of pine sawdust

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Experimental investigation on flow properties of different biomass and torrefied biomass powders

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The effect of particle size, temperature and residence time on the yields and reactivity of olive stones from torrefaction

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The Reuse of Biomass and Industrial Waste in Biocomposite Construction Materials for Decreasing Natural Resource Use and Mitigating the Environmental Impact of the Construction Industry: A Review

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Superheated steam as carrier gas and the sole heat source to enhance biomass torrefaction

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Biomass torrefaction and CO2 capture using mining wastes – A new approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions of co-firing plants

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Biomass Torrefaction Process Review and Moving Bed Torrefaction System Model Development

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Effect of the temperature on the spent coffee grounds torrefaction process in a continuous pilot-scale reactor

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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE FROM OAT HULLS

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Improvement of physical, chemical and biological properties of aridisol from Botswana by the incorporation of torrefied biomass

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Enhancement of fuel and physicochemical properties of canola residues via microwave torrefaction

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Performance of Liquids from Slow Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Carbonization in Plant Protection

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Investigation on the fuel quality and hydrophobicity of upgraded rice husk derived from various inert and oxidative torrefaction conditions

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A comprehensive review on the similarity and disparity of torrefied biomass and coal properties

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Torrefaction of almond shells: Effects of torrefaction conditions on properties of solid and condensate products

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Development of a biomass torrefaction process integrated with oxy-fuel combustion

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Torrefaction treatment of lignocellulosic fibres for improving fibre/matrix adhesion in a biocomposite

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Influence of torrefaction, hydrothermal carbonization and degradative solvent extraction pretreatments on moisture absorption and self-ignition characteristics of biomass

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Physicochemical and Fuel Characteristics of Torrefied Agricultural Residues for Sustainable Fuel Production

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Valorization of agro-waste biomass as composite adsorbents for sustainable wastewater treatment

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Wood carbonization as a protective treatment on resistance to wood destroying fungi

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Combining torrefaction pretreatment and co-pyrolysis to upgrade biochar derived from bio-oil distillation residue and walnut shell

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Study on the quality of oat hull fuel pellets using bio-additives

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Torrefaction in the Presence of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide: The Effect on Yield of Oil Palm Kernel Shell

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Fabrication of surface-modified dual waste-derived biochar for biodiesel production by microwave-assisted esterification of oleic acid: Optimization, kinetics, and mechanistic studies

Yadav, N., Yadav, G., & Ahmaruzzaman, M. (2023) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2023.119308 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Experimental study of torrefied pine as a gasification fuel using a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier

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Microwave-assisted sustainable synthesis of biodiesel on Oryza sativa catalyst derived from agricultural waste by esterification reaction

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Torrefaction of pine wood in a continuous system and optimization of torrefaction conditions

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Gas-pressurized torrefaction of biomass wastes: Roles of pressure and secondary reactions

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Prediction of lignocellulosic biomass structural components from ultimate/proximate analysis

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Electrocoagulation treatment of raw palm oil mill effluent: Optimization process using high current application

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Effect of production conditions on self-heating propensity of torrefied sawmill residues

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A novel on-site wheat straw pretreatment method: Enclosed torrefaction

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Torrefaction of Maize Residue Pellets with Dry Flue Gas

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A comprehensive overview of the continuous torrefaction method: Operational characteristics, applications, and challenges

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Parametric analysis of torrefaction reactor operating under oxygen-lean conditions

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Acquisition of Torrefied Biomass from Jerusalem Artichoke Grown in a Closed Circular System Using Biogas Plant Waste

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Review on Biomass Torrefaction Process and Product properties and Design of Moving Bed Torrefaction System Model Development

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Biomass Torrefaction as a Key Driver for the Sustainable Development and Decarbonization of Energy Production

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Functional mapping of torrefied product characteristics with index of torrefaction

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Investigation on the Co-Combustion Characteristics of Multiple Biomass and Coal Under O 2/CO 2 Condition and the Interaction Between Different BiomassPreprint

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Comprehensive insights into the influences of acid-base properties of chemical pretreatment reagents on biomass pyrolysis behavior and wood vinegar properties

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Upgrading of banana leaf waste to produce solid biofuel by torrefaction: physicochemical properties, combustion behaviors, and potential emissions

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Biomass‐derived sulfonated polycyclic aromatic carbon catalysts for biodiesel production by esterification reaction

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Torrefaction of Empty Fruit Bunch in the Presence of Combustion Gas

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Structural and compositional changes in eucalyptus wood chips subjected to dry torrefaction

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Recycled polypropylene-polyethylene torrefied almond shell biocomposites

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A comprehensive review on sewage sludge as sustainable feedstock for bioenergy production

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Co-torrefaction of corncob and waste cooking oil coupled with fast co-pyrolysis for bio-oil production

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Combustion and grindability characteristics of palm kernel shells torrefied in a pilot-scale installation

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Torrefied biomass filled polyamide biocomposites: mechanical and physical property analysis

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Bio-coal and bio-coke production from agro residues

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Torrefied Biomass as an Alternative in Coal-Fueled Power Plants: A Case Study on Grindability of Agroforestry Waste Forms

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Comparative study of solid biofuels derived from sugarcane leaves with two different thermochemical conversion methods: wet and dry torrefaction

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Upgrading Biomass Waste to Bio-Coking Coal by Pressurized Torrefaction: Synergistic Effect between Corncob and Lignin

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Biomass torrefaction in a standard retort: A study on oil palm solid residues

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Carbon dioxide torrefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunches pellets: characterisation and optimisation by response surface methodology

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Conversion of water caltrop husk into torrefied biomass by torrefaction

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Gas-pressurized torrefaction of biomass wastes: The effect of varied pressure on pyrolysis kinetics and mechanism of torrefied biomass

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Co-firing Bosnian coals with woody biomass: Experimental studies on a laboratory-scale furnace and 110 MWe power unit

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Oxygen Migration in Torrefaction of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. and Its Improvement on Fuel Properties

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A comparison of the torrefaction behavior of wood, miscanthus and palm kernel shells: Measurements on single particles with geometries of technical relevance

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pH-Driven Selective Adsorption of Multi-Dyes Solutions by Loofah Sponge and Polyaniline-Modified Loofah Sponge

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Pyrolytic Reaction of Carbohydrates. Part IX the Effect of Additives on the Thermal Behavior of Cellulose Samples of Different Crystallinity

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Biological degradation of torrefied wood and charcoal

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Torrefied Biomass and Where Is the Sector Currently Standing in Terms of Research, Technology Development, and Implementation

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Influence of the synergistic effects between coal and hemicellulose/cellulose/lignin on the co-combustion of coal and lignocellulosic biomass

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Study on the Effect of Torrefaction on Pyrolysis Kinetics and Thermal Behavior of Cornstalk Based On a Combined Approach of Chemical and Structural Analyses

Lu, X., Xu, R., Sun, K., Jiang, J., Sun, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c00047 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Torrefaction pretreatment facilitated solvents-resistant and stable wood-plastic composites

Lu, W., Yu, W., Han, X., Cai, H., & Gao, F. (2022) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114454 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Solid fuel production with torrefaction from vineyard pruning waste

Duranay, N., & Akkuş, G. (2019) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-019-00496-0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

A modelling based study on the integration of 10 MWth indirect torrefied biomass gasification, methanol and power production

Grosso, M. D., Sridharan, B., Tsekos, C., Klein, S. A., & de Jong, W. (2020) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105529 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Gas-pressurized torrefaction of biomass wastes: Self-promoted deoxygenation of rice straw at low temperature

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Modeling and optimization of chemical-treated torrefaction of wheat straw to improve energy density by response surface methodology

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Camellia sinensis leaf-assisted green synthesis of SO3H-functionalized ZnS/biochar nanocatalyst for highly selective solketal production and improved reusability in methylene blue dye adsorption

Yadav, N., Yadav, G., & Ahmaruzzaman, M. (2024) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2024.120176 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Integration of Biomass Torrefaction and Gasification based on Biomass Classification: A Review

Lu, H., Gong, Y., Areeprasert, C., Ding, L., Guo, Q., Chen, W., & Yu, G. (2021) · Energy Technology · doi:10.1002/ente.202170051 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Sustainable Production of Chemicals and Energy Fuel Precursors from Lignocellulosic Fractions

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Torrefaction kinetics of almond and walnut shells

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Structural and thermal properties of Populus tomentosa during carbon dioxide torrefaction

Li, S., Zou, J.-Y., Li, M., Wu, X.-F., Bian, J., & Xue, Z. (2017) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.079 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Getting to the root of the matter: Water-soluble and volatile components in thermally-treated biosolids and biochar differentially regulate maize (Zea mays) seedling growth

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Research on improving comprehensive properties of a new sawdust composite insulation material by torrefaction

Zou, S., Li, H., Liu, L., Wang, S., Zhang, X., & Zhang, G. (2021) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2021.06.015 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Torrefaction of fibrous empty fruit bunch under mild pressurization technique

Faizal, H. M., Omar, M. S., Sukiran, M. A., Nyakuma, B. B., & Said, M. F. M. (2022) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2022.05.099 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Torrefaction of densified empty fruit bunches with addition of plastics waste

Fuad, M. A. H. M., Faizal, H. M., Rahman, M. R. A., & Latiff, Z. A. (2018) · Biofuels · doi:10.1080/17597269.2018.1457312 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Torrefaction process optimization of agriwaste for energy densification

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Determination of the Optimal Operative Conditions for the Torrefaction of Olive Waste Biomass

Martín-Pascual, J., Jódar, J., Rodríguez, M. L., & Zamorano, M. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12166411 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Comparative study of the fuel quality and torrefaction performance of biomass and its molded pellets: effects of temperature and residence time

Cen, K., Zhang, J., Chen, D., Chen, F., Zhang, Y., & Ma, H. (2020) · Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects · doi:10.1080/15567036.2020.1814453 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Synergistic evaluation of co-torrefaction performance of rice husk and coffee bean ground blends for biosolid production for industrial fuel sustainability

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Self-heating and spontaneous ignition of biomass storage piles: Towards a reliable prediction tool

Yin, C.-G., Wang, Y., Fang, Q.-Y., Chen, X., Yan, H., & Ma, L. (2024) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2024.120683 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

DEM modeling of fine powder convection in a continuous vibrating bed reactor

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Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions

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Recent advances in biochar technology for aquatic pollution control: a critical review of applications, barriers, and future opportunities

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Sustainable biorefinery approaches in the valorization of agro-food industrial residues for biofuel production: Economic and future perspectives

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Advances in porous activated carbon-based solid acid catalysts for biomass conversion

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Biodiesel production using a functionalized hybrid biochar catalyst: RSM-based optimization and comprehensive evaluation

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Enhancement of biomass energy: thermal conversion, biogas yield, and machine learning insights

François, M., Lin, K., Hussain, J., & Mdlovu, N. V. (2025) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2025.102131 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Dry vs wet torrefaction of oxytree biomass: A comparative study on fuel properties and energy yield

Ünyay, H., Kostyniuk, A., Szufa, S., Lewandowski, A., Likozar, B., & Wielgosiński, G. (2025) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120974 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Valorization of Amazonian Fruit Biomass for Biosurfactant Production and Nutritional Applications

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Plant sources and fermentation in cellular agriculture and alternative Proteins: A review

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Torrefied biomass pellet production from rubber wood wastes and corn wastes in pilot-scale vibrating torrefaction system

Fukuda, S., Sanduang, J., & Krerkkaiwan, S. (2026) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108452 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Optimization and characterization of biocoal production from giant leucaena wood and sugarcane leaf via dry torrefaction process

Parnthong, J., Chukaew, P., Be, C., Kraithong, W., Jiratanachotikul, A., Wanmolee, W., Youngjan, S., Faungnawakij, K., Khemthong, P., Worasuwannarak, N., et al. (2025) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134759 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Deepening the understanding and extending the potential of waste biomass temperature treatment using sunflower husk as an example

Hejna, A., Waliszewska, B., Zborowska, M., Barczewski, M., Szulc, J., Paszkot, J., Kawa‐Rygielska, J., Kosmela, P., Woźniak, M., Ratajczak, I., et al. (2025) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108718 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

The Investigation of the Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Water by Torrefied Biomass

Kasemodel, M. C., de Aguiar, L. G., Rodrigues, V. G. S., & Romão, É. L. (2025) · Colorants · doi:10.3390/colorants4020021 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Multiscale mechanistic insight into torrefaction as an efficient pretreatment strategy for upgrading gasification of waste paper

Li, Y., Xia, S., Liang, J., Zhao, K., Zhao, Z., & Zheng, A. (2025) · Applications in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.jaecs.2025.100412 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Comparison of superheated steam and conventional torrefaction of pine wood: Solid product properties, productivity, and process evaluation

Wu, N., Zhang, D., Zhang, Y., Jiang, J., Liu, Y., & HaiBo, M. (2026) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122841 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Combined effects of torrefaction pretreatment and ex-situ catalytic upgrading on the fast pyrolysis behavior of pine wood

Wu, N., Ghysels, S., Pieters, J., Liu, Y., Jiang, J., Zhang, D., & Ronsse, F. (2026) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.124010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Exploiting torrefied rubberwood pellets for sustainable energy in Southern Thailand: Integrated techno-economic and environmental optimization

Dechapanya, W., Kasawapat, J., Lewis, J. H., & Khamwichit, A. (2025) · Cleaner Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.clet.2025.101085

Enhancing Biofuel Properties of Biomass through Torrefaction: Optimization, Kinetic Modelling, and Thermodynamic AnalysisPreprint

Kumar, R., Kumar, V., Buchireddy, P. R., & Zappi, M. E. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5592996

Enhancing Biofuel Properties of Biomass through Torrefaction: Optimization, Kinetic Modelling, and Thermodynamic AnalysisPreprint

Kumar, R., Kumar, V., Buchireddy, P. R., & Zappi, M. E. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6479578

Co‐torrefaction of pine needles and pine cones: Synergistic effects on fuel properties and energy density

Kardaş, E., Nafra, A., Taşar, Ş., & Yιlgιn, M. (2026) · Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1002/ep.70600

Torrefaction: a sustainable method for transforming of agri-wastes to high energy density solids (biocoal)

Negi, S., Jaswal, G., Dass, K., Mazumder, K., Elumalai, S., & Roy, J. K. (2020) · Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology · doi:10.1007/s11157-020-09532-2 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Torrefaction as a process for biomass conversion into biocoal

Crnogaća Bojan, R. (2017) · Tehnika · doi:10.5937/tehnika1703323c · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Advances in solid biofuels production through torrefaction: Potential biomass, types of torrefaction and reactors, influencing process parameters and future opportunities – A review

Gizaw, D. G., Periyasamy, S., Mengstie, H. B., Redda, Z. T., Asaithambi, P., Jayakumar, M., Baskar, G., & Pugazhendhi, A. (2024) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2024.04.070 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Torrefied Solids: A Material Border Lining Biomass and Biochar

Sarker, T. R., Nanda, S., Azargohar, R., Meda, V., & Dalai, A. K. (2021) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003098591-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Effects of torrefaction pretreatment on fuel quality and combustion characteristics of biomass: A review

Xu, Y., Zhao, Z. Y., Zhao, Y., Xu, L. J., Feng, S., Wang, Z., Zhang, L., & Shen, B. (2023) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.130314 · Cited by 91 · see citing works