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A simple and compact smartphone accessory for quantitative chemiluminescence-based lateral flow immunoassay for salivary cortisol detection
Open accessAbstract
We have developed a simple and accurate biosensor based on a chemiluminescent (CL)-lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) method integrated in a smartphone to quantitatively detect salivary cortisol. The biosensor is based on a direct competitive immunoassay using peroxidase-cortisol conjugate, detected by adding the chemiluminescent substrate luminol/enhancer/hydrogen peroxide. The smartphone camera is used as light detector, for image acquisition and data handling via a specific application. We 3D-printed simple accessories to adapt the smartphone. The system comprises a cartridge, which houses the LFIA strip, and a smartphone adaptor with a plano-convex lens and a cartridge-insertion slot. This provides a mini-darkbox and aligned optical interface between the camera and the LFIA membrane for acquiring CL signals. The method is simple and fast, with a detection limit of 0.3 ng/mL. It provides quantitative analysis in the range of 0.3-60 ng/mL, which is adequate for detecting salivary cortisol in the clinically accepted range. It could thus find application in the growing area of home-self-diagnostic device technology for clinical biomarker monitoring, overcoming the current difficulties in achieving sensitive and quantitative information with conventional systems taking the advantage of smartphone connectivity and the enhanced performance of the included camera.
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“Because saliva can be readily collected123-125, it has been used in connection to in vitro diagnostic biosensors on strips or portable device platforms,126-134.”
From Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring (2019) · cites this paper as [130]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zangheri, M., Cevenini, L., Anfossi, L., Baggiani, C., Simoni, P., Di Nardo, F., & Roda, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Bologna (IT)
- University of Turin (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Roda, Aldo
- Venue
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 64
- Pages
- 63-68
- ISSN
- 0956-5663 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080173526
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 23
- FWCI
- 16.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Keywords
- salivary cortisol, chemiluminescence, lateral flow immunoassay, smartphone biosensors, luminol, competitive immunoassay
- MeSH terms
- Equipment Design, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Immunoassay, Luminescent Measurements, Saliva, Biosensing Techniques, Point-of-Care Systems, Cell Phone, Limit of Detection
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