Structure-Activity Relationship of Clovamide and its Related Compounds for the Inhibition of Amyloid β Aggregation
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by aggregation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ). Aβ aggregates through β-sheet formation and induces cytotoxicity against neuronal cells. Inhibition of Aβ aggregation by naturally occurring compounds is thus a promising strategy for the treatment of AD. We have already reported that caffeoylquinic acids and phenylethanoid glycosides, which possess two or more catechol moieties, strongly inhibited Aβ aggregation. Clovamide (1) containing two catechol moieties, isolated from cacao beans (Theobroma cacao L.), is believed to exhibit preventive effects on Aβ aggregation. To investigate the structure-activity relationship of clovamide (1) for the inhibition of Aβ aggregation, we synthesized 1 and related compounds 2-11 through reaction between l-DOPA, d-DOPA, l-tyrosine, or l-phenylalanine and caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, or cinnamic acid, and compounds 12 and 13 were derived from 1. Among tested compounds 1-13, those containing one or two catechol moieties exhibited potent anti-aggregation activity, whereas the non-catechol-type related compounds showed little or no activity. This suggests that at least one catechol moiety is essential for inhibition of Aβ42 aggregation, and this activity increases depending on the number of catechol moieties. Consequently, clovamide (1) and its related compounds may be a promising therapeutic option for inhibiting Aβ-mediated pathology in AD.
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Higher number of catechol moieties increases inhibitory activity of polyphenolic inhibitors.
“the higher the number of catechol moieties the more the inhibitory activity increases (Tsunoda et al., 2018)”
From Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Polyphenols and Monoterpenes (2022) · cites this paper as Tsunoda et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Tsunoda, T., Takase, M., & Shigemori, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Tsukuba (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Shigemori, Hideyuki
- Venue
- Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3202-3209
- ISSN
- 0968-0896 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2801057222
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Kyoto University
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP24580156)
- Nagoya University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- amyloid beta aggregation inhibition, Alzheimer's disease, structure-activity relationship, catechol moiety, caffeoylquinic acids, phenylethanoid glycosides, Theobroma cacao, cocoa beans, β-sheet formation, anti-aggregation activity, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, L-DOPA, tyrosine, L-phenylalanine
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Cacao, Catechols, Cinnamates, Dihydroxyphenylalanine, Humans, Structure-Activity Relationship, Tyrosine, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Inhibitory Concentration 50
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