Demographic and Sociocultural Predictors of Face Image Satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I

Frederick, David A.; Reynolds, Tania A.; Barrera, Carlos A.; Murray, Stuart B.

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.016

Cited by 37Body Image and Dysmorphia StudiesEating Disorders and BehaviorsEvolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior

Demographic and Sociocultural Predictors of Face Image Satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I

Frederick, David A., Reynolds, Tania A., Barrera, Carlos A., Murray, Stuart B.·2022·Body Image

DOI 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.016

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Abstract

Despite substantial literature surrounding how people process and perceive faces, there is very little research investigating how people evaluate their own faces. We examined how gender, body mass, race, age, and sexual orientation were linked to people's satisfaction with the appearance of their eyes, nose, facial shape, and face overall among 11,620 adults recruited via Mechanical Turk. Most people mostly or definitely agreed they were happy with their facial appearance. There were notable racial differences, with Asian participants tending to report greater dissatisfaction. For example, only 66% of Asian women and 60% of Asian men mostly or definitely agreed that they were happy with the appearance of their eyes, which was lower than other racial groups. BMI and age were not strongly associated with face satisfaction. Sexual minority men were less satisfied than heterosexual men. About one in four gay and bisexual men, compared to only one in seven heterosexual men, reported dissatisfaction with their overall facial appearance. Men and women with poorer face image engaged in more appearance surveillance, more strongly internalized the thin-ideal, and perceived stronger sociocultural pressures from peers, parents, and media. The current study highlights important sociocultural and demographic factors tied to poorer face image.

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Body image satisfaction improves overall life quality, positively influencing physical health, social relationships, and personal fulfillment.
“This satisfaction also extends to improving overall life quality, positively influencing physical health, social relationships, and personal fulfillment.”
From Body Perceptions and Psychological Well-Being: A Review of the Impact of Social Media and Physical Measurements on Self-Esteem and Mental Health with a Focus on Body Image Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Cultural and Gender Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [120]
Individuals content with their bodies are more inclined to adopt health-promoting behaviors, maintain fulfilling relationships, and pursue activities that bring joy and satisfaction.
“Individuals content with their bodies are more inclined to adopt health-promoting behaviors, maintain fulfilling relationships, and pursue activities that bring joy and satisfaction.”
From Body Perceptions and Psychological Well-Being: A Review of the Impact of Social Media and Physical Measurements on Self-Esteem and Mental Health with a Focus on Body Image Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Cultural and Gender Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [120]
A positive body image contributes to healthier and more fulfilling sexual relationships; comfort and confidence in one's body can significantly enhance intimacy and sexual satisfaction.
“Moreover, a positive body image contributes to healthier and more fulfilling sexual relationships; comfort and confidence in one’s body can significantly enhance intimacy and sexual satisfaction, which are crucial for relationship contentment and personal well-being [120].”
From Body Perceptions and Psychological Well-Being: A Review of the Impact of Social Media and Physical Measurements on Self-Esteem and Mental Health with a Focus on Body Image Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Cultural and Gender Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [120]

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Body Perceptions and Psychological Well-Being: A Review of the Impact of Social Media and Physical Measurements on Self-Esteem and Mental Health with a Focus on Body Image Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Cultural and Gender Factors
Merino, M., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Rubio-Zarapuz, A., Villanueva-Tobaldo, C. V., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12141396 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
“Moreover, a positive body image contributes to healthier and more fulfilling sexual relationships; comfort and confidence in one’s body can significantly enhance intimacy and sexual satisfaction, which are crucial for relationship contentment and personal well-being [120].”
Background

Authors: Frederick, D. A., Reynolds, T. A., Barrera, C. A., & Murray, S. B.
Affiliations: Chapman University (US)
University of New Mexico (US)
University of California San Diego (US)
University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author: Frederick, David A.
ORCID: Frederick, David A.
Reynolds, Tania A.
Murray, Stuart B.
Venue: Body Image
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2022-06
Volume: 41
Pages: 1-16
ISSN: 1740-1445 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.016
OpenAlex: W4214709550
Cited by: 37
References: 164
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 1
FWCI: 7.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Body Image (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
Keywords: facial appearance, racial differences, Asian Americans, sexual orientation, sexual minority men, gender differences, body mass index, age, thin-ideal internalization, sociocultural pressure, media influence
MeSH terms: Sexual and Gender Minorities, Adult, Body Image, Demography, Female, Humans, Male, Personal Satisfaction, Heterosexuality

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Demographic and Sociocultural Predictors of Face Image Satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I

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