Epidemiology and risk factors for pancreatic cancer
Abstract
Pancreas cancer is considered an 'orphan' cancer because of its relative low incidence. Unfortunately even with early diagnosis, mortality rates are high, explaining why, despite the low incidence, it ranks eighth in a world listing of cancer mortality. International incidence rates vary in different countries, implying that environmental factors are important. Of these factors, smoking is the most well documented etiologic agent, explaining about 25% of all cases. Dietary factors may be important, but it has been difficult to define specific items which either increase or decrease the risk of pancreatic cancer. Since the incidence of pancreas cancer is so strongly age-dependent, we can anticipate an increasing number of patients as the population of most Western countries ages.
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Low-risk cohorts have a risk 1.5 to 3× higher than baseline (0.2%-0.3% 3-year risk); examples include long-standing diabetes, smoking, and obesity.
“These cohorts have a risk slightly higher than baseline, that is, 1.5 to 3× higher than baseline (0.2%–0.3% 3-year risk). Examples include long-standing diabetes, smoking, and obesity.62”
From Artificial Intelligence and Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: 2020 Summative Review (2021) · cites this paper as [62]
Cites
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Cellular senescence in gastrointestinal diseases: from pathogenesis to therapeutics
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- Authors
- Lowenfels, A. B., & Maisonneuve, P.
- Affiliations
- New York Medical College (US)
- European Institute of Oncology (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Lowenfels, Albert B.
- Maisonneuve, Patrick
- Venue
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 197-209
- ISSN
- 1521-6918 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994686298
- Cited by
- 635
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
- Keywords
- pancreatic cancer, risk factors, smoking, dietary factors, cancer incidence, cancer mortality, age dependence, environmental factors, etiology
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Bacterial Infections, Diet, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Parasitic Diseases, Risk Factors, Smoking, Virus Diseases, Diabetes Complications, Pancreatitis, Chronic
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