The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Enduring consequences of experimentally induced biases in interpretation
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that it is possible to induce biases in the interpretation of ambiguous text passages by training. Participants consistently trained to interpret emotionally ambiguous passages in either a negative or positive direction show training-congruent effects when presented with new ambiguous material. These training effects are demonstrated by participants' subsequent recognition ratings for disambiguating sentences, which represent both possible meanings of the novel ambiguous test passages. In this series of experiments, we investigated the durability of these training effects over time spans of up to 1 day and found them to be robust. The findings encourage us to believe that induced biases may serve as a useful analogue to those observed clinically.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“findings on training effects on symptoms have been mixed in individual studies, e.g. see [8], [14]”
From How to boost positive interpretations? A Meta-Analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
Citations
Cites
(1970) · Cited by 24,983
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology
Williams, J. M. G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.3 · Cited by 2,420
Self-citationCognitive Psychology and Emotional Disorders
Williams, J. M. G. (1988) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · Cited by 1,871
MacLeod, C., Rutherford, E., Campbell, L., Ebsworthy, G., & Holker, L. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.111.1.107 · Cited by 1,334 · cited 2×
“Not only do these induced biases appear to generalise to new material, but they also lead to increases in vulnerability to anxious mood, thereby providing the first direct evidence that cognitive biases have a causal role in anxiety disorders (MacLeod et al., 2002; Wilson, MacLeod, & Mathews, 2003).”
BackgroundMethodCognitive Psychology and Emotional Disorders
Wilhelm, S. A. (1998) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · Cited by 1,101
Cognitive Approaches to Emotion and Emotional Disorders
Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1994) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.45.020194.000325 · Cited by 1,023
Self-citationAdvances in Psychology Research
Columbus, F. H., Shohov, S. P., & Columbus, A. M. (2001) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 914
Induced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety.
Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.4.602 · Cited by 739 · cited 3×
“Materials and apparatus Materials were taken from the experiments reported by Mathews and Mackintosh (2000). Training items comprised three sentences of text, with the last item of the last sentence being a”
MethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationMicro Experimental Laboratory: An integrated system for IBM PC compatibles
Schneider, W. (1988) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03203833 · Cited by 729
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 23 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cognition and Depression: Current Status and Future Directions
Gotlib, I. H., & Joormann, J. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131305 · Cited by 2,420
Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders
Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143916 · Cited by 2,100
Self-citationA meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive bias modification on anxiety and depression
Hallion, L. S., & Ruscio, A. M. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0024355 · Cited by 891
Examining emotion regulation in depression: A review and future directions
Joormann, J., & Stanton, C. H. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.07.007 · Cited by 749
Blanchette, I., & Richards, A. (2009) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930903132496 · Cited by 742
Metadata
- Authors
- Yiend, J., Mackintosh, B., & Mathews, A.
- Affiliations
- Warneford Hospital (GB)
- The Open University (GB)
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Yiend, Jenny
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 779-797
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2063523003
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Open Research Online (The Open University) (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- interpretation bias, emotional ambiguity, training effects, cognitive bias modification
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Middle Aged, Reaction Time, Social Perception, Recognition, Psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
