Cited by 104Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchSexual Assault and Victimization StudiesLGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy

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Gay male sexual assault survivors: The relations among internalized homophobia, experiential avoidance, and psychological symptom severity

Gold, Sari D., Marx, Brian P., Lexington, Jennifer M.·2007·Behaviour Research and Therapy

DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2006.05.006

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Abstract

This study explored the relations among internalized homophobia (IH), experiential avoidance, and psychological symptom severity in a community sample of 74 gay male sexual assault survivors. Results indicated that IH is associated with both depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. IH accounted for more variance than assault severity in predicting both PTSD and depression symptom severity. IH and experiential avoidance similarly predicted PTSD symptom severity. In comparison with IH, however, experiential avoidance is a stronger predictor of depression symptom severity. Results also showed that experiential avoidance partially mediated the relation between IH and both depressive and PTSD symptom severity. The implications of these findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.

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“Lower psychological flexibility has been found to predict trauma and mental health problems in the context of natural disasters, school shootings, and violent crimes (e.g., Gold et al., 2007; Kumpula et al., 2011; Marshall and Brockman, 2016).”
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“We selected covariates in this analysis based on a literature review (Desrichard et al., 2018; DiGrande et al., 2008; Frazier et al., 2018; Gold & Marx, 2007; McMillan et al., 2020; Regan et al., 2016; Ursoiu et al., 2018; Williamson, 2000) and expert knowledge, with covariates chosen to minimize…”
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“Finally, experiential avoidance did not significantly mediate the association between childhood physical abuse and PTSD symptoms (Gold et al., 2007).”
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“It also mediates the relationship between internalized homophobia and the severity of depressive symptoms [19].”
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“These messages lead to devaluation and poor self-regard in the individual and have been linked to shame, psychological distress, loneliness, lower self-esteem, and greater substance use [15,66].”
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“For example, perfectionism may play a role in the development of both norm conformity (Wang, 2010) and internalized homonegativity (Gold & Marx, 2007).”
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Authors: Gold, S. D., Marx, B. P., & Lexington, J. M.
Affiliations: Temple University (US)
Corresponding author: Marx, Brian P.
ORCID: Marx, Brian P.
Venue: Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-03
Volume: 45
Issue: 3
Pages: 549-562
ISSN: 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.05.006
OpenAlex: W2072218636
Cited by: 104
References: 73
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 6.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Temple University
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
Keywords: internalized homophobia, experiential avoidance, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, mediation, sexual minority mental health
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Defense Mechanisms, Depressive Disorder, Homosexuality, Humans, Identification, Psychological, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Prejudice, Self Concept, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Offenses, Social Identification, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Violence, Survivors, Crime Victims

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Gay male sexual assault survivors: The relations among internalized homophobia, experiential avoidance, and psychological symptom severity

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