Cited by 383Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesFace Recognition and PerceptionDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

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Avoidance of emotional facial expressions in social anxiety: the approach-avoidance task

Heuer, Kathrin, Rinck, Mike, Becker, Eni S.·2007·Behaviour Research and Therapy

DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2007.08.010

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Abstract

The Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) was employed to indirectly investigate avoidance reactions to stimuli of potential social threat. Forty-three highly socially anxious individuals (HSAs) and 43 non-anxious controls (NACs) reacted to pictures of emotional facial expressions (angry, neutral, or smiling) or to control pictures (puzzles) by pulling a joystick towards themselves (approach) versus pushing it away from themselves (avoidance). HSAs showed stronger avoidance tendencies than NACs for smiling as well as angry faces, whereas no group differences were found for neutral faces and puzzles. In contrast, valence ratings of the emotional facial expressions did not differ between groups. A critical discrepancy between direct and indirect measures was observed for smiling faces: HSAs evaluated them positively, but reacted to them with avoidance.

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Authors: Heuer, K., Rinck, M., & Becker, E. S.
Affiliations: Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Corresponding author: Heuer, Kathrin
ORCID: Becker, Eni S.
Venue: Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-12
Volume: 45
Issue: 12
Pages: 2990-3001
ISSN: 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.08.010
OpenAlex: W2132361143
Cited by: 380
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 10.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Radboud Universiteit
Technische Universität Dresden
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: social anxiety, emotional facial expressions, avoidance behavior, approach-avoidance task, angry faces, smiling faces, emotional valence, direct and indirect measures, social danger
MeSH terms: Adult, Anger, Anxiety Disorders, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Smiling, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Visual Perception, Case-Control Studies

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Avoidance of emotional facial expressions in social anxiety: the approach-avoidance task

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