Cited by 383Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesFace Recognition and PerceptionDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Avoidance of emotional facial expressions in social anxiety: the approach-avoidance task

Heuer, Kathrin, Rinck, Mike, Becker, Eni S.·2007·Behaviour Research and Therapy

DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2007.08.010

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) was employed to indirectly investigate avoidance reactions to stimuli of potential social threat. Forty-three highly socially anxious individuals (HSAs) and 43 non-anxious controls (NACs) reacted to pictures of emotional facial expressions (angry, neutral, or smiling) or to control pictures (puzzles) by pulling a joystick towards themselves (approach) versus pushing it away from themselves (avoidance). HSAs showed stronger avoidance tendencies than NACs for smiling as well as angry faces, whereas no group differences were found for neutral faces and puzzles. In contrast, valence ratings of the emotional facial expressions did not differ between groups. A critical discrepancy between direct and indirect measures was observed for smiling faces: HSAs evaluated them positively, but reacted to them with avoidance.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.brat.2007.08.010

Cites

57 of 57 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
The expression of the emotions in man and animals.
Darwin, C. D. (1872) · J. Murray eBooks · doi:10.1037/10001-000 · Cited by 12,120
Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information.
Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20 · Cited by 5,396
A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia
Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00022-3 · Cited by 2,987
Untitled work
(1985) · Cited by 2,882
A cognitive model of social phobia
Adrian Wells, A. (1995) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 2,701
Social Phobia
Liebowitz, M. R. (2015) · Modern Trends in Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1159/000414022 · Cited by 2,266
Cognitive Psychology and Emotional Disorders
Williams, J. M. G. (1988) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) · Cited by 1,871
A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety.
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00063-1 · Cited by 1,642
Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic
Otto, M. (1989) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(89)72285-4 · Cited by 1,581

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 59 references

2 of the 59 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Douilliez, 2003, Biasis dans l’evaluation explicite de stimuli verbaux et non-verbaux: Effect de l’anxiété sociale (Bias in the voluntary evaluation of verbal and non verbal stimuli: The effect of social anxiety), Revue francophone de clinique comportementale et cognitive, 8, 12
Kühner, 1993, Psychometrische und diagnostische Eigenschaften einer. Deutschsprachigen Version des Inventory to Diagnose Depression (IDD), Diagnostica, 39, 299

Sorted by citations

Addictions neuroclinical assessment: a neuroscience-based framework for addictive disorders
Kwako, L. E., Momenan, R., Litten, R. Z., Koob, G. F., & Goldman, D. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.10.024 · Cited by 395
Approach, avoidance, and affect: a meta-analysis of approach-avoidance tendencies in manual reaction time tasks
Phaf, R. H., Mohr, S. E., Rotteveel, M., & Wicherts, J. M. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00378 · Cited by 326
Threatening faces and social anxiety: A literature review
Staugaard, S. R. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.05.001 · Cited by 307
The role of associative fear and avoidance learning in anxiety disorders: Gaps and directions for future research
Pittig, A., Treanor, M., LeBeau, R. T., & Craske, M. G. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.015 · Cited by 317
The theory of latent vulnerability: reconceptualizing the link between childhood maltreatment and psychiatric disorder
McCrory, E. J., & Viding, E. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000115 · Cited by 295
The aetiology and maintenance of social anxiety disorder: A synthesis of complementary theoretical models and formulation of a new integrated model
Wong, Q. J. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.069 · Cited by 277
Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperresponsiveness is associated with increased social avoidance behavior in social phobia
Roelofs, K., van Peer, J., Berretty, E., Jong, P. D., Spinhoven, P., & Elzinga, B. M. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.022 · Cited by 236
Upregulating the positive affect system in anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a positive activity intervention: Taylor et al.
Taylor, C. T., Lyubomirsky, S., & Stein, M. B. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22593 · Cited by 233
Implicit measures of association in psychopathology research.
Roefs, A., Huijding, J., Smulders, F. T. Y., MacLeod, C. M., de Jong, P. J., Wiers, R. W. H. J., & Jansen, A. T. M. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0021729 · Cited by 248
Cohort Profile Update: The TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS)
Oldehinkel, A. J., Rosmalen, J. G. M., Buitelaar, J. K., Hoek, H. W., Ormel, J., Raven, D., Reijneveld, S. A., Veenstra, R., Verhulst, F. C., Vollebergh, W., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyu225 · Cited by 216
Electrophysiological evidence of attentional biases in social anxiety disorder
Mueller, E. M., Hofmann, S. G., Santesso, D. L., Meuret, A. E., Bitran, S., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708004820 · Cited by 206
The impact of facial emotional expressions on behavioral tendencies in women and men
Seidel, E.-M., Habel, U., Kirschner, M., Gur, R. C., & Derntl, B. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/a0018169 · Cited by 197
Gaze direction differentially affects avoidance tendencies to happy and angry faces in socially anxious individuals
Roelofs, K., Putman, P., Schouten, S., Lange, W.-G., Volman, I., & Rinck, M. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.008 · Cited by 166
Distinguishing healthy adults from people with social anxiety disorder: Evidence for the value of experiential avoidance and positive emotions in everyday social interactions.
Kashdan, T. B., Farmer, A. S., Adams, L. M., Ferssizidis, P., McKnight, P. E., & Nezlek, J. B. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032733 · Cited by 162
Biased approach-avoidance tendencies in psychopathology: A systematic review of their assessment and modification
Loijen, A., Vrijsen, J. N., Egger, J. I. M., Becker, E. S., & Rinck, M. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101825 · Cited by 135
On the neural control of social emotional behavior
Karin Roelofs, A., Minelli, A., Mars, R. B., van Peer, J. M., & Toni, I. (2008) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsn036 · Cited by 145
Neurobiological correlates of cognitions in fear and anxiety: A cognitive-neurobiological information processing model
Hofmann, S. G., Ellard, K. K., & Siegle, G. J. (2012) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.579414 · Cited by 132
A general approach-avoidance hypothesis of Oxytocin: Accounting for social and non-social effects of oxytocin
Harari-Dahan, O., & Bernstein, A. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.007 · Cited by 143
Psychometric properties of reaction time based experimental paradigms measuring anxiety-related information-processing biases in children
Brown, H. M., Eley, T. C., Broeren, S., MacLeod, C., Rinck, M., Hadwin, J. A., & Lester, K. J. (2013) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.11.004 · Cited by 137
Optogenetic modulation of descending prefrontocortical inputs to the dorsal raphe bidirectionally bias socioaffective choices after social defeat
Challis, C., Beck, S. G., & Berton, O. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00043 · Cited by 140
Methods to split cognitive task data for estimating split-half reliability: A comprehensive review and systematic assessment
Pronk, T., Molenaar, D., Wiers, R. W., & Murre, J. (2022) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-021-01948-3 · Cited by 123
Animal to human translational paradigms relevant for approach avoidance conflict decision making
Kirlić, N., Young, J. W., & Aupperle, R. L. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.04.010 · Cited by 142
Prelimbic and Infralimbic Prefrontal Regulation of Active and Inhibitory Avoidance and Reward-Seeking
Capuzzo, G., & Floresco, S. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0414-20.2020 · Cited by 127
A reverse translational approach to quantify approach-avoidance conflict in humans
Aupperle, R. L., Sullivan, S., Melrose, A. J., Paulus, M. P., & Stein, M. B. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.08.003 · Cited by 133
Pathways towards the proliferation of avoidance in anxiety and implications for treatment
Arnaudova, I., Kindt, M., Fanselow, M. S., & Beckers, T. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.04.004 · Cited by 134
Tulsa 1000: a naturalistic study protocol for multilevel assessment and outcome prediction in a large psychiatric sample
Victor, T. A., Khalsa, S. S., Simmons, W. K., Feinstein, J. S., Savitz, J. B., Aupperle, R. L., Yeh, H., Bodurka, J., & Paulus, M. P. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016620 · Cited by 116
Psychopaths lack the automatic avoidance of social threat: Relation to instrumental aggression
Louise von Borries, A. K., Volman, I., de Bruijn, E. R. A., Bulten, B. H., Verkes, R. J., & Roelofs, K. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.06.026 · Cited by 118
Modifying automatic approach action tendencies in individuals with elevated social anxiety symptoms
Taylor, C. T., & Amir, N. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.05.004 · Cited by 99
Oxytocin facilitates approach behavior to positive social stimuli via decreasing anterior insula activity
Yao, S., Zhao, W., Geng, Y., Chen, Y., Zhao, Z., Ma, X., Xu, L., Becker, B., & Kendrick, K. M. (2018) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyy068 · Cited by 97
Approach and Avoidance Tendencies in Spider Fearful Children: The Approach-Avoidance Task
Klein, A. M., Becker, E. S., & Rinck, M. (2011) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-010-9402-7 · Cited by 97
Retraining automatic action tendencies in obesity
Mehl, N., Mueller-Wieland, L., Mathar, D., & Horstmann, A. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.031 · Cited by 95
Neuroclinical Framework for the Role of Stress in Addiction
Kwako, L. E., & Koob, G. F. (2017) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547017698140 · Cited by 105
Implicit and explicit behavioral tendencies in male and female depression
Seidel, E., Habel, U., Finkelmeyer, A. E., Schneider, F. W., Gur, R. C., & Derntl, B. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.02.001 · Cited by 95
Malleability of attentional bias for positive emotional information and anxiety vulnerability.
Taylor, C. T., Bomyea, J. A., & Amir, N. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0021301 · Cited by 96
Untitled work
Radke (2013) · doi:10.1177/0956797612472682 · Cited by 88
Happy but not so approachable: the social judgments of individuals with generalized social phobia
Campbell, D., Sareen, J., Stein, M. B., Kravetsky, L. B., Paulus, M. P., Hassard, S. T., & Reiss, J. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20474 · Cited by 85
Cross-Subject EEG-Based Emotion Recognition Through Neural Networks With Stratified Normalization
Fdez, J., Guttenberg, N., Witkowski, O., & Pasquali, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.626277 · Cited by 94
Social anxiety and evaluation of social crowds: Explicit and implicit measures
Lange, W., Keijsers, G. P. J., Becker, E. S., & Rinck, M. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.04.008 · Cited by 85
Alleviating social avoidance: Effects of single dose testosterone administration on approach–avoidance action
Enter, D., Spinhoven, P., & Karin Roelofs, A. (2014) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.02.001 · Cited by 84
Top-Down Control of Serotonin Systems by the Prefrontal Cortex: A Path toward Restored Socioemotional Function in Depression
Challis, C., & Berton, O. (2015) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00007 · Cited by 87
Automatic avoidance tendencies in patients with Psychogenic Non Epileptic Seizures
Bakvis, P., Spinhoven, P., Zitman, F. G., & Karin Roelofs, A. (2011) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2011.06.006 · Cited by 83
Social anxiety predicts avoidance behaviour in virtual encounters
Rinck, M., Rörtgen, T., Lange, W., Dotsch, R., Wigboldus, D. H. J., & Becker, E. S. (2009) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930903309268 · Cited by 82
A Virtual Joy-Stick Study of Emotional Responses and Social Motivation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Kim, K., Rosenthal, M. Z., Gwaltney, M., Jarrold, W., Hatt, N. V., McIntyre, N. S., Swain, L. A., Solomon, M., & Mundy, P. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2036-7 · Cited by 81
Maintenance of social anxiety in stuttering: a cognitive-behavioral model
Iverach, L., Rapee, R. M., Wong, Q. J. J., & Lowe, R. (2017) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2016_ajslp-16-0033 · Cited by 80
Acquisition of behavioral avoidance: task-irrelevant conditioned stimuli trigger costly decisions.
Pittig, A., Schulz, A., Craske, M., & Alpers, G. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036136 · Cited by 76
Prefrontal activation patterns of automatic and regulated approach–avoidance reactions – A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study
Ernst, L. H., Plichta, M. M., Lutz, E., Zesewitz, A. K., Tupak, S. V., Dresler, T., Ehlis, A., & Fallgatter, A. J. (2011) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.09.013 · Cited by 78
Explicit and implicit approach vs. avoidance tendencies towards high vs. low calorie food cues in patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls
Paslakis, G., Kühn, S., Schaubschläger, A., Schieber, K., Röder, K., Rauh, E., & Erim, Y. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.001 · Cited by 78
In action or inaction? Social approach-avoidance tendencies in major depression
Radke, S., Güths, F., André, J. A., Müller, B. W., & de Bruijn, E. R. A. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.011 · Cited by 71
More than a face: a unified theoretical perspective on nonverbal social cue processing in social anxiety
Gilboa‐Schechtman, E., & Shachar‐Lavie, I. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00904 · Cited by 76
Approach and avoidance tendencies in depression and anxiety disorders
Struijs, S. Y., Lamers, F., Vroling, M. S., Roelofs, K., Spinhoven, P., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.010 · Cited by 81
A meta-analysis of the facilitation of arm flexion and extension movements as a function of stimulus valence
Laham, S. M., Kashima, Y., Dix, J., & Wheeler, M. A. (2014) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.968096 · Cited by 78
Testosterone during puberty shifts emotional control from pulvinar to anterior prefrontal cortex
Tyborowska, A., Volman, I., Smeekens, S., Toni, I., & Roelofs, K. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3874-15.2016 · Cited by 67
Rumination and implicit avoidance following bereavement: An approach avoidance task investigation
Eisma, M. C., Rinck, M., Stroebe, M. S., Schut, H. A. W., Boelen, P. A., Stroebe, W., & van den Bout, J. (2015) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.11.010 · Cited by 68
Self-citation
Social anxiety changes the way we move—A social approach-avoidance task in a virtual reality CAVE system
Lange, B., & Pauli, P. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226805 · Cited by 66
Human Lateral Frontal Pole Contributes to Control over Emotional Approach–Avoidance Actions
Bramson, B., Folloni, D., Verhagen, L., Hartogsveld, B., Mars, R. B., Toni, I., & Roelofs, K. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2048-19.2020 · Cited by 74
N1 and N2 ERPs reflect the regulation of automatic approach tendencies to positive stimuli
Ernst, L. H., Ehlis, A., Dresler, T., Tupak, S. V., Weidner, A., & Fallgatter, A. J. (2013) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2012.12.005 · Cited by 64
Prefrontal correlates of approach preferences for alcohol stimuli in alcohol dependence
Ernst, L. H., Plichta, M. M., Dresler, T., Zesewitz, A. K., Tupak, S. V., Haeussinger, F. B., Fischer, M., Polak, T. T., Fallgatter, A. J., & Ehlis, A. (2012) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12005 · Cited by 65
Unexpected Acceptance? Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder Manifest their Social Expectancy in ERPs During Social Feedback Processing
Cao, J., Gu, R., Bi, X., Zhu, X., & Wu, H. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01745 · Cited by 63
The predictive value of Approach and Avoidance tendencies on the onset and course of depression and anxiety disorders
Struijs, S. Y., Lamers, F., Rinck, M., Roelofs, K., Spinhoven, P., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22760 · Cited by 74
Why do fearful facial expressions elicit behavioral approach? Evidence from a combined approach-avoidance implicit association test.
Hammer, J. L., & Marsh, A. A. (2015) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000054 · Cited by 64
Approach and Avoidance as Organizing Structures for Motivated Distance Perception
Balcetis, E. (2015) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073915586225 · Cited by 66
Drawn to danger: trait anger predicts automatic approach behaviour to angry faces
Veenstra, L., Schneider, I. K., Bushman, B. J., & Koole, S. L. (2016) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2016.1150256 · Cited by 58
KDEF-PT: Valence, Emotional Intensity, Familiarity and Attractiveness Ratings of Angry, Neutral, and Happy Faces
Garrido, M. V., & Prada, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02181 · Cited by 59
Training approach-avoidance of smiling faces affects emotional vulnerability in socially anxious individuals
Rinck, M., Telli, S., Kampmann, I. L., Woud, M. L., Kerstholt, M., te Velthuis, S., Wittkowski, M., & Becker, E. S. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00481 · Cited by 56
Self-citation
On the Control of Social Approach–Avoidance Behavior: Neural and Endocrine Mechanisms
Kaldewaij, R., Koch, S. B. J., Volman, I., Toni, I., & Roelofs, K. (2016) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2016_446 · Cited by 59
A Bayesian hierarchical diffusion model decomposition of performance in Approach–Avoidance Tasks
Krypotos, A., Beckers, T., Kindt, M., & Wagenmakers, E. (2014) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.985635 · Cited by 59
On angry approach and fearful avoidance: The goal-dependent nature of emotional approach and avoidance tendencies
Bossuyt, E., Moors, A., & Houwer, J. D. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.09.009 · Cited by 52
Imaging the neural effects of cognitive bias modification training
Wiers, C. E., & Wiers, R. W. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.041 · Cited by 52
The Effects of Approach–Avoidance Modification on Social Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study
Asnaani, A., Rinck, M., Becker, E. S., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9580-x · Cited by 52
Cortical Oscillatory Mechanisms Supporting the Control of Human Social–Emotional Actions
Bramson, B., Jensen, O. B., Toni, I., & Roelofs, K. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3382-17.2018 · Cited by 51
Avoidant decision-making in social anxiety disorder: A laboratory task linked to in vivo anxiety and treatment outcome
Pittig, A., Alpers, G. W., Niles, A. N., & Craske, M. G. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.08.003 · Cited by 47
Always Approach the Bright Side of Life: A General Positivity Training Reduces Stress Reactions in Vulnerable Individuals
Becker, E. S., Ferentzi, H., Ferrari, G. R. A., Möbius, M., Brugman, S., Custers, J. A. E., Geurtzen, N., Wouters, J., & Rinck, M. (2015) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9716-2 · Cited by 49
Cortisol-induced enhancement of emotional face processing in social phobia depends on symptom severity and motivational context
van Peer, J. M., Spinhoven, P., van Dijk, J. G., & Karin Roelofs, A. (2009) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.03.006 · Cited by 48
How interindividual differences shape approach-avoidance behavior: Relating self-report and diagnostic measures of interindividual differences to behavioral measurements of approach and avoidance
Fricke, K., & Vogel, S. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.008 · Cited by 58
Automatic avoidance tendencies in individuals with contamination-related obsessive-compulsive symptoms
Najmi, S., Kuckertz, J. M., & Amir, N. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.06.007 · Cited by 47
Molecular and neurocircuitry mechanisms of social avoidance
Gellner, A., Voelter, J., Schmidt, U., Beins, E. C., Stein, V., Philipsen, A., & Hurlemann, R. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-020-03649-x · Cited by 55
Approach and Avoidance of Emotional Faces in Happy and Sad Mood
Vrijsen, J. N., van Oostrom, I., Speckens, A. E. M., Becker, E. S., & Rinck, M. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9436-9 · Cited by 47
Face value: eye movements and the evaluation of facial crowds in social anxiety.
Lange, W.-G., Heuer, K., Langner, O., Keijsers, G., Becker, E., & Rinck, M. (2011) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.02.007 · Cited by 50
The effect of modifying automatic action tendencies on overt avoidance behaviors.
Amir, N., Kuckertz, J. M., & Najmi, S. (2013) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0030443 · Cited by 44
Dissociation of explicit and implicit measures of the behavioral inhibition and activation system in borderline personality disorder
Kobeleva, X., Seidel, E., Kohler, C. G., Schneider, F. W., Habel, U., & Derntl, B. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.04.027 · Cited by 43
Converging evidence of social avoidant behavior in schizophrenia from two approach-avoidance tasks
de la Asuncion, J., Docx, L., Sabbe, B., Morrens, M., & de Bruijn, E. R. A. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.08.008 · Cited by 45
Dopamine transporter polymorphisms affect social approach–avoidance tendencies
Enter, D., Colzato, L. S., & Roelofs, K. (2012) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00791.x · Cited by 43
When Action Meets Emotions: How Facial Displays of Emotion Influence Goal-Related Behavior
Ferri, F., Stoianov, I. P., Gianelli, C., D'Amico, L., Borghi, A. M., & Gallese, V. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013126 · Cited by 43
Poly (I:C)-induced maternal immune activation modifies ventral hippocampal regulation of stress reactivity: prevention by environmental enrichment
Zhao, X., Mohammed, R., Tran, H., Erickson, M., & Kentner, A. C. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.018 · Cited by 43
Anxiety sensitivity: a potential vulnerability factor for compulsive hoarding
Medley, A. N., Capron, D. W., Korte, K. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2013) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2012.738242 · Cited by 41
Individual differences in defensive stress-responses: the potential relevance for psychopathology
Niermann, H. C., Figner, B., & Roelofs, K. (2017) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.01.002 · Cited by 43
There is a non-evidence-based app for that: A systematic review and mixed methods analysis of depression- and anxiety-related apps that incorporate unrecognized techniques
Baumel, A., Torous, J. B., Edan, S., & Kane, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.011 · Cited by 40
Advancing social behavioral neuroscience by integrating ethology and comparative psychology methods through machine learning
Bordes, J., Miranda, L., Müller‐Myhsok, B., & Schmidt, M. V. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105243 · Cited by 44
Virtual Reality Technology Use in Cigarette Craving and Smoking Interventions (I “Virtually” Quit): Systematic Review
Keijsers, M., Vega-Corredor, M. C., Tomintz, M. N., & Hoermann, S. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/24307 · Cited by 58
Implicit and explicit avoidance in sexual trauma victims suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study
Fleurkens, P., Rinck, M., & van Minnen, A. (2014) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v5.21359 · Cited by 40
Motivational approach and avoidance in autism spectrum disorder: A comparison between real photographs and cartoons
Silva, C., Fonséca, D. D., Esteves, F. G., & Deruelle, C. (2015) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2015.05.004 · Cited by 47
Anxiety and Substance Use during Adolescence
Ohannessian, C. M. (2014) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2014.953663 · Cited by 38
Dare to Approach
Enter, D., Spinhoven, P., & Karin Roelofs, A. (2016) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702616631499 · Cited by 38
Latent variable analysis of positive and negative valence processing focused on symptom and behavioral units of analysis in mood and anxiety disorders
Paulus, M. P., Stein, M. B., Craske, M. G., Bookheimer, S. Y., Taylor, C. T., Simmons, A. N., Sidhu, N. K., Young, K. S., & Fan, B. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.046 · Cited by 39
The Motivational Power of the Happy Face
Nikitin, J., & Freund, A. M. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9010006 · Cited by 38
The ways we perceive: A comparative analysis of manufacturer brands and private labels using implicit and explicit measures
Fudurić, M., Varga, Á., Horvat, S., & Škare, V. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.033 · Cited by 38
Inhibition of return is unimpressed by emotional cues
Lange, W., Heuer, K., Reinecke, A., Becker, E. S., & Rinck, M. (2008) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930701809451 · Cited by 38
Positivity impairment as a broad-based feature of social anxiety.
Gilboa‐Schechtman, E., Shachar, I., & Sahar, Y. (2014) · The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Social Anxiety Disorder · doi:10.1002/9781118653920.ch19 · Cited by 36
Studying the neurobiology of human social interaction: Making the case for ecological validity
Hogenelst, K., Schoevers, R. A., & Rot, M. A. H. (2015) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2014.994786 · Cited by 36
Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning
Michalska, K. J., Machlin, L., Moroney, E., Lowet, D. S., Hettema, J. M., Roberson‐Nay, R., Averbeck, B. B., Brotman, M. A., Nelson, E. E., Leibenluft, E., et al. (2017) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12749 · Cited by 37

Authors: Heuer, K., Rinck, M., & Becker, E. S.
Affiliations: Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Corresponding author: Heuer, Kathrin
ORCID: Becker, Eni S.
Venue: Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-12
Volume: 45
Issue: 12
Pages: 2990-3001
ISSN: 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.08.010
OpenAlex: W2132361143
Cited by: 380
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 10.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Radboud Universiteit
Technische Universität Dresden
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: social anxiety, emotional facial expressions, avoidance behavior, approach-avoidance task, angry faces, smiling faces, emotional valence, direct and indirect measures, social danger
MeSH terms: Adult, Anger, Anxiety Disorders, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Smiling, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Visual Perception, Case-Control Studies

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Avoidance of emotional facial expressions in social anxiety: the approach-avoidance task

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks