The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Internet administered guided self-help versus individualized e-mail therapy: A randomized trial of two versions of CBT for major depression
Abstract
Internet-delivered psychological treatment of major depression has been investigated in several trials, but the role of personalized treatment is less investigated. Studies suggest that guidance is important and that automated computerized programmes without therapist support are less effective. Individualized e-mail therapy for depression has not been studied in a controlled trial. Eighty-eight individuals with major depression were randomized to two different forms of Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), or to a waiting-list control group. One form of Internet treatment consisted of guided self-help, with weekly modules and homework assignments. Standard CBT components were presented and brief support was provided during the treatment. The other group received e-mail therapy, which was tailored and did not use the self-help texts i.e., all e-mails were written for the unique patient. Both treatments lasted for 8 weeks. In the guided self-help 93% completed (27/29) and in the e-mail therapy 96% (29/30) completed the posttreatment assessment. Results showed significant symptom reductions in both treatment groups with moderate to large effect sizes. At posttreatment 34.5% of the guided self-help group and 30% of the e-mail therapy group reached the criteria of high-end-state functioning (Beck Depression Inventory score below 9). At six-month follow-up the corresponding figures were 47.4% and 43.3%. Overall, the difference between guided self-help and e-mail therapy was small, but in favour of the latter. These findings indicate that both guided self-help and individualized e-mail therapy can be effective.
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“in recent years, internet-based psychological treatment is gaining momentum and showing positive affects for a range of clinical populations (e.g., Hedman et al., 2011;Vernmark et al., 2010)”
From A review of cyberbullying and suggestions for online psychological therapy (2015) · cites this paper as Vernmark et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Psychological therapies have been consistently shown as effective in helping individuals of all ages to deal with distress”
From A review of cyberbullying and suggestions for online psychological therapy (2015) · cites this paper as Vernmark et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Previous studies comparing treatments while allowing for stable medication find that medication status seem to be unrelated to change in depth of depression (Proudfoot et al., 2004; Vernmark et al., 2010).”
From Internet-Based Therapy for Mild to Moderate Depression in Swedish Primary Care: Short Term Results from the PRIM-NET Randomized Controlled Trial (2014) · cites this paper as Vernmark et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Second, because the aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness in a real life primary care setting, our inclusion criteria allowed stable medication, which is common in similar studies (e.g., Carlbring et al., 2013; Vernmark et al., 2010) and our patients might have received other treatments for depression during the study period.”
From Internet-Based Therapy for Mild to Moderate Depression in Swedish Primary Care: Short Term Results from the PRIM-NET Randomized Controlled Trial (2014) · cites this paper as Vernmark et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“The attrition rates in this study were equal or lower compared with several similar studies on guided Web-based interventions for depression with long-term follow-up assessments [67,73,74].”
From Long-Term Results of a Web-Based Guided Self-Help Intervention for Employees With Depressive Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial (2014) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“This pretreatment contact is often in the form of a structured diagnostic interview [20,21], and probably results in more reliable diagnostic categories for inclusion in a trial.”
From Internet-based psychological treatments for depression (2012) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“An analysis of a number of previous studies of an online intervention for depression in the community and that have used a CBT protocol similar to the intervention in the current study have reported post-treatment effect sizes averaging 1.29, and follow-up effects averaging 1.42, based on samples ranging from 45 – 300 [39,42-48].”
In the citing paper
“it is remarkable that 18 state that encouraging adherence is a task for the counselor [45-62]”
From Persuasive System Design Does Matter: a Systematic Review of Adherence to Web-based Interventions (2012) · cites this paper as [47]
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Computer-based psychological treatments for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Richards, D., & Richardson, T. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.02.004 · Cited by 1,442
Persuasive System Design Does Matter: a Systematic Review of Adherence to Web-based Interventions
Kelders, S. M., Kok, R. N., Ossebaard, H. C., & Van Gemert-Pijnen, J. E. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2104 · Cited by 1,308
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Karyotaki, E., Efthimiou, O., Miguel, C., Maas genannt Bermpohl, F., Furukawa, T. A., Cuijpers, P., Individual Patient Data Meta-Analyses for Depression (IPDMA-DE) Collaboration, Riper, H., Patel, V., Mira, A., et al. (2021) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4364 · Cited by 866
Self-citationHedman, E., Ljótsson, B., & Lindefors, N. (2012) · Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research · doi:10.1586/erp.12.67 · Cited by 672
Metadata
- Authors
- Vernmark, K., Lenndin, J., Bjärehed, J., Carlsson, M., Karlsson, J., Öberg, J., Carlbring, P., Eriksson, T., & Andersson, G.
- Affiliations
- Linköping University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Andersson, Gerhard
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 368-376
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2085505243
- Semantic Scholar
- 5dfce7f4faac59fa38b806f1a06929dc66be9031
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 32.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, guided self-help, personalized treatment, therapist support, treatment completion, symptom relief, long-term follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Bibliotherapy, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Programmed Instructions as Topic, Self Care, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Statistics, Nonparametric, Remote Consultation, Internet, Electronic Mail, Young Adult
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