The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mechanisms of change in cognitive therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder: Role of maladaptive beliefs and schemas
Open accessAbstract
The present study aimed to identify mechanisms of change in individuals with moderately severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) receiving cognitive therapy (CT). Thirty-six adults with OCD received CT over 24 weeks. At weeks 0, 4/6, 12, 16/18, and 24, independent evaluators assessed OCD severity, along with obsessive beliefs and maladaptive schemas. To examine mechanisms of change, we utilized a time-varying lagged regression model with a random intercept and slope. Results indicated that perfectionism and certainty obsessive beliefs and maladaptive schemas related to dependency and incompetence significantly mediated (improved) treatment response. In conclusion, cognitive changes in perfectionism/certainty beliefs and maladaptive schemas related to dependency/incompetence precede behavioral symptom reduction for OCD patients. Targeting these mechanisms in future OCD treatment trials will emphasize the most relevant processes and facilitate maximum improvement.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Finally, substantial uncertainty remains about the psychological mechanisms that mediate the effects of CBT treatment (Schubert et al., 2022; Wilhelm et al., 2015; Wolters et al., 2019).”
From TREATING GUILT-INDUCING SELF-TALK IN OCD WITH DRAMATIZED SOCRATIC DIALOGUE: A STEP BY STEP INTERVENTION (2024) · cites this paper as Wilhelm et al., 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, investigating mechanisms of change in a cognitive therapy (CT) for patients with OCD indicated that the amelioration of beliefs mediated treatment success [17].”
From Metacognitive Training for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [17]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“These inhibitory deficits are consistently reported across OCD symptom dimensions [56].”
From Neural correlates of response inhibition following cognitive behavioral therapy in obsessive–compulsive disorder: a randomized controlled EEG study (2026) · cites this paper as [56]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.2.191 · Cited by 43,925
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1978) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(78)90002-4 · Cited by 10,586
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: I. Development, Use, and Reliability
Goodman, W. K. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007 · Cited by 7,712
No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons.
Rothman, K. J. (1990) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199001000-00010 · Cited by 5,965
The dimensions of perfectionism
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01172967 · Cited by 4,279
The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale: measures of internal consistency.
Kim, S.-W., Dysken, M., Pheley, A., & Hoover, K. M. (1994) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(94)90039-6 · Cited by 2,333
Cognitive therapy of personality disorders
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-2993 · Cited by 1,770
Modeling the Drop-Out Mechanism in Repeated-Measures Studies
Little, R. J. A. (1995) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1995.10476615 · Cited by 1,522
Schema Therapy: A Practitioner’s Guide
TEMPLE, S. D. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.2074-a · Cited by 1,211
A cognitive theory of obsessions
Rachman, S. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00040-5 · Cited by 1,179
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rosser, B. A. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9964-z · Cited by 157
Exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A review and new directions
Simpson, H., & Hezel, D. (2019) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_516_18 · Cited by 161
“studies showing that decrements in dysfunctional thinking mediate symptom improvement post-treatment.[35] However,”
BackgroundA Theoretical review of cognitive biases and deficits in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Hezel, D. M., & McNally, R. J. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.10.012 · Cited by 118
Gillett, C. B., Bilek, E. L., Hanna, G. L., & Fitzgerald, K. D. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.01.007 · Cited by 99
Predictors of response to cognitive behaviour therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder
Kyrios, M., Hordern, C., & Fassnacht, D. B. (2015) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2015.07.003 · Cited by 68
Metadata
- Authors
- Wilhelm, S., Berman, N. C., Keshaviah, A., Schwartz, R. A., & Steketee, G.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wilhelm, Sabine
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 65
- Pages
- 5-10
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4313532
- OpenAlex
- W2020581855
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6
- FWCI
- 8.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIMH (R21 MH058804)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Keywords
- obsessive-compulsive disorder, cognitive therapy, mechanisms of change, maladaptive schemas, obsessive beliefs, perfectionism, treatment response, symptom relief
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition, Culture, Female, Humans, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
