Cited by 176Digital Mental Health InterventionsMobile Health and mHealth ApplicationsMindfulness and Compassion Interventions

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A randomized controlled trial of three smartphone apps for enhancing public mental health

Bakker, David, Kazantzis, Nikolaos, Rickwood, Debra, Rickard, Nikki·2018·Behaviour Research and Therapy

DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2018.08.003

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Abstract

Many smartphone applications (apps) for mental health (MHapps) are available to the public. However, few have been the subject of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), and the change processes that are hypothesized to mediate claimed effects have not been previously studied. This RCT compared the efficacy of three publicly available MHapps to a waitlist control condition in a community sample, in which no MHapp was provided. The three MHapps included cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) toolkit app MoodKit, mood tracking app MoodPrism, and CBT strategy app MoodMission. Participants were randomly allocated to each condition, completed a baseline assessment, downloaded their allocated MHapp, and completed a second assessment 30 days later, with n = 226 included in final analyses (81% female; M age = 34 years). Compared to the control condition, all MHapp groups experienced increases in mental wellbeing, MoodKit and MoodMission groups experienced decreases in depression, and no groups experienced effects on anxiety. Mediated regressions revealed that increasing coping self-efficacy, rather than emotional self-awareness or mental health literacy, was the underlying process contributing to effects on mental health for all three MHapps. MHapps appear to be an effective solution for improving public mental health, notably by improving users' confidence in their ability to cope.

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Authors: Bakker, D., Kazantzis, N., Rickwood, D., & Rickard, N.
Affiliations: Monash University (AU)
University of Canberra (AU)
The University of Melbourne (AU)
Corresponding author: Bakker, David
ORCID: Bakker, David
Kazantzis, Nikolaos
Rickwood, Debra
Rickard, Nikki
Venue: Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-10
Volume: 109
Pages: 75-83
ISSN: 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.08.003
OpenAlex: W2886788613
Semantic Scholar: 89a8706c21548b935dcff42ae032b89e2e7064ab
Cited by: 176
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 3
FWCI: 21.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Keywords: mental health apps, mobile application, public mental health, cognitive behavioral therapy, depression, anxiety, psychological well-being, coping self-efficacy, emotional self-awareness, mental health literacy, mediation analysis, digital mental health interventions
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anxiety, Depression, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Self-Assessment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Telemedicine, Self Efficacy, Young Adult, Health Literacy, Mobile Applications

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A randomized controlled trial of three smartphone apps for enhancing public mental health

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