Mobile Apps for Health Behavior Change in Physical Activity, Diet, Drug and Alcohol Use, and Mental Health: Systematic Review
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: With a growing focus on patient interaction with health management, mobile apps are increasingly used to deliver behavioral health interventions. The large variation in these mobile health apps-their target patient group, health behavior, and behavioral change strategies-has resulted in a large but incohesive body of literature. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of mobile apps in improving health behaviors and outcomes and to examine the inclusion and effectiveness of behavior change techniques (BCTs) in mobile health apps. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science were systematically searched for articles published between 2014 and 2019 that evaluated mobile apps for health behavior change. Two authors independently screened and selected studies according to the eligibility criteria. Data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed by one reviewer and validated by a second reviewer. RESULTS: A total of 52 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis-37 studies focused on physical activity, diet, or a combination of both, 11 on drug and alcohol use, and 4 on mental health. Participant perceptions were generally positive-only one app was rated as less helpful and satisfactory than the control-and the studies that measured engagement and usability found relatively high study completion rates (mean 83%; n=18, N=39) and ease-of-use ratings (3 significantly better than control, 9/15 rated >70%). However, there was little evidence of changed behavior or health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: There was no strong evidence in support of the effectiveness of mobile apps in improving health behaviors or outcomes because few studies found significant differences between the app and control groups. Further research is needed to identify the BCTs that are most effective at promoting behavior change. Improved reporting is necessary to accurately evaluate the mobile health app effectiveness and risk of bias.
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Most of these systematic reviews found insufficient evidence of effectiveness of mental health apps for changing behaviours or improving clinical outcomes.
“and insufficient evidence of effectiveness of mental health apps for changing behaviours or improving clinical outcomes [9,11,13].”
From Artificial intelligence and machine learning in mobile apps for mental health: A scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [13]
Several systematic reviews have recently been published focusing on various aspects and outcomes of mental health apps.
“Several systematic reviews have recently been published focusing on various aspects and outcomes of mental health apps [8–13].”
From Artificial intelligence and machine learning in mobile apps for mental health: A scoping review (2022) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Milne-Ives, M., Lam, C., De Cock, C., Van Velthoven, M. H., & Meinert, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Meinert, Edward
- Venue
- JMIR mhealth and uhealth
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2020-03-18
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e17046
- ISSN
- 2291-5222 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7113799
- OpenAlex
- W2984337279
- Cited by
- 393
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 12 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 10.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR mhealth and uhealth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- EIT Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Mobile Learning in Education
- Keywords
- mobile health apps, health behavior change, behaviour change techniques, physical activity, diet, drug use, alcohol consumption, mental health, app usability, participant engagement, application effectiveness, risk of bias
- MeSH terms
- Diet, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Humans, Mental Health, Health Behavior, Exercise, Mobile Applications
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