The effect of single and repeated prefrontal intermittent theta burst stimulation on cortical reactivity and working memory
Open accessAbstract
Background With an increasing interest in the use of theta burst stimulation (TBS) as a cognitive enhancer and a potential therapeutic tool for psychiatric disorders, there is a need to identify optimal parameters of TBS in the prefrontal cortex. Objective/hypothesis This study examined the effect of two blocks of prefrontal intermittent TBS (iTBS) on cortical reactivity and working memory performance, compared to one block of iTBS and sham stimulation. We hypothesized that greater cortical effects would be obtained with two blocks of iTBS. Methods Eighteen healthy participants attended three experimental sessions and received either sham, one block or two blocks of iTBS with a 15-min interval. Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) was used to assess the change in cortical reactivity via TMS-evoked potentials. Working memory performance was assessed using the N-back task. Cluster-based permutation statistics and two-way ANOVAs were used for neurophysiological and behavioural data, respectively. Results Both single and two blocks of iTBS resulted in a significant increase in the amplitude of TMS-evoked N100 and P200. No significant differences were observed between active conditions in either neurophysiological changes or working memory performance, and both failed to improve working memory performance relative to sham. Conclusions Two blocks of iTBS did not result in stronger measured effects as compared to one block of iTBS. Future studies are needed to identify the optimal stimulation pattern in order to achieve a desired effect. It is also important to establish the best approach in quantifying neuromodulatory effects targeting the prefrontal cortex.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Working memory performance following NIBS has demonstrated greater effect sizes 30-40 minutes post stimulation compared to immediately following stimulation.
“working memory performance following NIBS has demonstrated greater effect sizes 30-40 minutes post stimulation compared to immediately following stimulation (Chung, Rogasch, Hoy, & Fitzgerald, 2018;Hill, Rogasch, Fitzgerald, & Hoy, 2017).”
From Investigation of neurobiological responses to theta burst stimulation during recovery from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) (2023) · cites this paper as Chung, Rogasch, Hoy, & Fitzgerald, 2018
Cites
Simply longer is not better: reversal of theta burst after-effect with prolonged stimulation
Gamboa, O. L., Antal, A., Moliadze, V., & Paulus, W. (2010) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2293-4 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Rogasch, N. C., Thomson, R. H., Farzan, F., Fitzgibbon, B. M., Bailey, N. W., Hernandez-Pavon, J. C., Daskalakis, Z. J., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.037 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Self-citationNettekoven, C., Volz, L. J., Kutscha, M., Pool, E.-M., Rehme, A. K., Eickhoff, S. B., Fink, G. R., & Grefkes, C. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4993-13.2014 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Synaptic evidence for the efficacy of spaced learning
Kramár, E. A., Babayan, A. H., Gavin, C. F., Cox, C. D., Jafari, M., Gall, C. M., Rumbaugh, G., & Lynch, G. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1120700109 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Grossheinrich, N., Rau, A., Pogarell, O., Hennig-Fast, K., Reinl, M., Karch, S., Dieler, A., Leicht, G., Mulert, C., Sterr, A., et al. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.029 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Stanford Accelerated Intelligent Neuromodulation Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Cole, E. J., Stimpson, K. H., Bentzley, B. S., Gulser, M., Cherian, K., Tischler, C., Nejad, R., Pankow, H., Choi, E., Aaron, H., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19070720 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
Clinical utility and prospective of TMS–EEG
Tremblay, S., Rogasch, N. C., Premoli, I., Blumberger, D. M., Casarotto, S., Chen, R., Di Lazzaro, V., Farzan, F., Ferrarelli, F., Fitzgerald, P. B., et al. (2019) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.001 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Self-citationAccelerated theta burst stimulation for the treatment of depression: a randomised controlled trial
Chen, L., Thomas, E. H. X., Kaewpijit, P., Miljevic, A., Hughes, R., Hahn, L., Kato, Y., Gill, S., Clarke, P., Ng, F., et al. (2021) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2021.07.018 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationAccelerated Theta Burst Stimulation: Safety, Efficacy, and Future Advancements
Cole, E., O’Sullivan, S. J., Tik, M., & Williams, N. R. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.12.004 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The After-Effect of Accelerated Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation at Different Session Intervals
Yu, F., Tang, X., Hu, R., Liang, S., Wang, W., Tian, S., Wu, Y., Yuan, T.-F., & Zhu, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00576 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Coyle, H. L., Bailey, N. W., Ponsford, J., & Hoy, K. E. (2023) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114308 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Chung, S. W., Rogasch, N. C., Hoy, K. E., & Fitzgerald, P. B.
- Affiliations
- The Alfred Hospital (AU)
- Monash University (AU)
- Epworth Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Chung, Sung Wook
- Venue
- Brain Stimulation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 566-574
- ISSN
- 1876-4754 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-861X
- OpenAlex
- W2784231034
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 4.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doaj.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain stimulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Monash Graduate Scholarship
- NHMRC Early Career Fellowship (1072057)
- NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (1082894)
- NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship (1078567)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- intermittent theta burst stimulation, prefrontal cortex, working memory, cortical reactivity, TMS-evoked potentials, N1 component, P200, stimulation parameters, cognitive enhancement, neuromodulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Motor Cortex, Theta Rhythm, Cluster Analysis, Prefrontal Cortex, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Young Adult, Healthy Volunteers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
