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n-Butanol derived from biochemical and chemical routes: A review
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species to ferment sugars from biomass. However, the route is associated with some disadvantages such as low butanol yield and by-product formation (acetone and ethanol). On the other hand, butanol can be directly produced from ethanol through aldol condensation over metal oxides/ hydroxyapatite catalysts. This paper suggests that the chemical conversion route is more preferable than the ABE process, because the reaction proceeds more quickly compared to the fermentation route and fewer steps are required to get to the product.
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![Figure 1 Biochemical pathway of ABE fermentation [24].](/paper-figures/f0af40e59c3f498eba8f88b9421f72c6/n-butanol-derived-from-biochemical-and-chemical-routes-a-review-figure-1.jpg)
![Figure 2 The reaction mechanism for production of n-butanol from ethanol in a liquid phase [42].](/paper-figures/8ee207df8b284755867e78d72fbe0b97/n-butanol-derived-from-biochemical-and-chemical-routes-a-review-figure-2.jpg)
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“In the last few years, the biotechnological process to produce butan-1-ol (1-butanol) has been improved and it is economically equivalent to better-established petrochemical processes (Ndaba et al., 2015).”
From Biorefineries: Achievements and challenges for a bio-based economy (2022) · cites this paper as Ndaba et al., 2015
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ndaba, B., Chiyanzu, I., & Marx, S.
- Affiliations
- North-West University (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Ndaba, B.
- Venue
- Biotechnology Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-12
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 2215-017X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4980751
- OpenAlex
- W1050940715
- Cited by
- 307
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biotechnology Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Keywords
- n-butanol, butanol production, acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation, aldol condensation, metal oxide catalysts, hydroxyapatite catalysts, ethanol conversion, by-product formation
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