The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Least-cost paths in mountainous terrain
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although a number of existing travel rate functions exist, they fail to sufficiently account for the vast diversity of landscape conditions that impede foot travel3–11.”
From A singular, broadly-applicable model for estimating on- and off-path walking travel rates using airborne lidar data (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“and for “on-path” travel, where surface roughness is assumed to be uniform and vegetation density is negligible3,5,10.”
From A singular, broadly-applicable model for estimating on- and off-path walking travel rates using airborne lidar data (2024) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Hikers and hillwalkers typically use the gradient in the direction of travel (walking slope) as the main variable in established methods for predicting walking time (via the walking speed) along a route.”
From Improved prediction of hiking speeds using a data driven approach (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“These slopecontrolled models estimate travel rates solely as a function of slope, which is most appropriate for on-path travel (i.e. on a road or trail) where vegetation density and surface roughness are low.”
From Machine learning estimation of off-trail pedestrian travel rates using LiDAR-derived slope, vegetation, and surface roughness (2026) · cites this paper as Rees 2004
Citations
Cites
A note on two problems in connexion with graphs
Dijkstra, E. (1959) · Numerische Mathematik · doi:10.1007/bf01386390 · Cited by 24,351
Optimum gradient of mountain paths
Minetti, A. E. (1995) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1995.79.5.1698 · Cited by 79
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Carver, 2000, Munro-bagging with a computer…? Naismith's rule and the long walk in, Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, 191, 317
- Fritz, S., Carver, S., 2000. Modelling remoteness in roadless areas using GIS. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference and Workshop on Integrating Geographical Information Systems and Environmental Modelling. Banff, Canada. http://www.colorado.edu/research/cires/banff/pubpapers/157/ (accessed 03.10.03).
- Margaria, 1938, Sulla fisiologia e specialmente sul consumo energetico della marcia e della corsa a varia velocità ed inclinazione del terreno., Atti Della Accademia Nazionale Dei Lincei Memorie, 7, 299
- Margaria, R., 1976. Biomechanics of human locomotion. In: Biomechanics and Energetics of Muscular Exercise. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 67–129.
- Naismith, W.W., 1892. Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal 2, 136.
- Rees, W.G., 2003. Naismith's rule overhauled. Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, submitted for publication.
- Sedgewick, R., 2001. Algorithms in C, Part 5: Graph Algorithms, 3rd ed. Addison-Wesley, Boston. 512pp.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–156 of 156
SARIBAL, İ., Çoşlu, M., & Selim, S. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17156897 · Cited by 1
Population Genomic Structure of Sorghum Landraces Across Landscape, Environment and Culture
Cerda, E. V., Bellis, E. S., Das, A., Slayton, E. R., Morris, G. P., & Lasky, J. R. (2026) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.70287 · Cited by 1
An Overview of Selected GIS Methods Available for Use in Glacial Archaeology
Rogers, S. R. (2013) · Journal of Glacial Archaeology · doi:10.1558/jga.v1i1.99 · Cited by 1
LaSIRF: Landslide Safe Intelligent Route Finder for Mountainous Terrain in GIS Environment
Arora, M. K., Saha, A. K., Gupta, P., & Gupta, R. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25495-6_11 · Cited by 1
Routing of branched water distribution networks using fractal geometry and graph theory
Suchorab, P., & Kowalski, D. (2019) · MATEC Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/matecconf/201925202001 · Cited by 1
Hahn, A., Frühling, W., & Schlüter, J. (2022) · Transport Problems · doi:10.20858/tp.2022.17.1.02 · Cited by 1
Finding the Shortest Distance Between Villages Located in Mountainous Terrain
Agarwal, S., Singh, H., Lal, K., Upadhyay, S., Sharma, S., Chauhan, R. K., & Saini, A. (2025) · International Conference on Cognitive Computing in Engineering, Communications, Sciences and Biomedical Health Informatics (IC3ECSBHI) · doi:10.1109/ic3ecsbhi63591.2025.10990682 · Cited by 1
Vías, J., Rolland, J., Castillo, S., del Campo, J., & Luque, A. (2014) · RUA, Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante (Universidad de Alicante) · Cited by 1
Modeling and Vague Spatial Reasoning for location of victims in mountains areas.
Bunel, M. (2019) · HAL · Cited by 1
Redcliffe, J. (2021) · Cronfa (Swansea University) · doi:10.23889/suthesis.58584 · Cited by 1
On the Impact of Rural Electrification: The Role of Complementary FactorsPreprint
Tirkaso, W. T. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4377190 · Cited by 1
Geospatial modeling of walking routes combing on-road and off-road movements
Zaslavskaya, E. S., & Karpachevskiy, A. M. (2026) · Geography, Environment, Sustainability · doi:10.24057/2071-9388-2026-4068
Modeling potential environmental impacts of science activity in Antarctica
O'Sullivan, D., & Morgan, F. J. (2026) · Transactions in GIS · doi:10.1111/tgis.70369
Mycenaean roads in the peloponnese, greece: least-cost path modelling using R and movecost
Nuttall, C., & Kovačević, J. (2025) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2025.106414
Cutler, S. L., Campbell, M. J., Brewer, S. C., & Dennison, P. E. (2026) · GIScience & Remote Sensing · doi:10.1080/15481603.2026.2626632
Finding the optimal route of the subway systemusing context-aware
Lee, H., Kim, N. G., Oh, K. J., & Choi, J. (2007) · 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회 논문집
Development of a spatial sugarcane transport infrastructure-planning model.
Harris, A. (2008) · ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)
REVISED MAXSMINT ROUTING TECHNIQUE FOR OPTIMIZATION
Brindha, G. R., & Anand, S. K. (2011) · International Journal of Mathematical Archive
Reitinoptimoinnin hyödyllisyys metsävaratiedon keruun maastotyössä
Etula, H., & Antikainen, H. (2014) · Metsätieteen aikakauskirja · doi:10.14214/ma.6895
Integrative Research in the Sociology and Ecology of Outdoor Recreation
Park, L. O. (2009) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)
Abunemeh, M. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/32270f11z0d41z4852zb154z429db4dfac0c
Egy turisztikai ajánlórendszer modellje
Sándor Apáthy, M. (2017) · CUB Ph.D. Dissertations (Corvinus University of Budapest) · doi:10.14267/phd.2017015
Determination of pedestrian displacement velocity for ground exploration programs
Gutierrez, L. H. O., Pardo, O. H., & Martínez, L. J. (2017) · Ingeniería e Investigación · doi:10.15446/ing.investig.v37n2.62092
Parsakhoo, A., Eshaghi, & Joybari, S. S. (2016) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
SINIR İHLALLERİ KAPSAMINDA, MUHTEMEL GEÇİŞ GÜZERGÂHLARININ OTOMATİK OLARAK BELİRLENMESİ
Selim, S., & GÖKBUA, A. (2018) · VII. UZAKTAN ALGILAMA VE CBS SEMPOZYUMU UZAL-CBS2018 · doi:10.15659/uzalcbs2018.6655
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.006
Farmers, Farms and Farming Resources
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.003
The Intensification Debate after Boserup
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.007
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.005
The Farming Household as a Fundamental Unit of Analysis
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.008
Thinking about Population and Traditional Farmers
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.002
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.001
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.004
The Nature of Traditional Farm Work and the Household Labor Force
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.010
Under-Nutrition and the Household Demographic Enterprise
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.009
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.013
The Economics of the Household Demographic Life Cycle
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.011
Seasonality and the Household Demographic Enterprise
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.012
Appendix: A Bibliographic Essay on Subsistence Farming
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.014
Wood, J. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781139519700.015
Marsh, E., Castro, S. C., Cortegoso, V., Carline, K., Buehlman-Barbeau, S., & Alba, J. D. (2023) · Chungara · doi:10.4067/s0717-73562023000100003
The pace and sequence of spatial learning: exploration facilitates long‐term behavioral refinement
Verzuh, T. L., Heuer, K., & Merkle, J. A. (2025) · Oikos · doi:10.1002/oik.11591
Walking time in rugged terrain
Rees, W. (2023) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.96625
Self-citationModélisation et raisonnement spatial flous pour l’aide à la localisation de victimes en montagne
Bunel, M. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/501008d2zaf6fz46d4z866fz2b92facbcf88
Xu, S., Li, Z., Xiaojuan, Z., Siqing, B., Ruixin, 于. Y., Li, Z., & Yue, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2026.1837678
Nguyen, N. T., Nguyen, T. H., Pham, L. P. T., & Pham, K. V. (2026) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1633/1/012021
Jiang, W. (2026) · China Aerospace Information Technology Conference (CAIT) · doi:10.1109/cait70489.2026.11553984
Pin, C., Wilting, A., Gale, G. A., Kamler, J. F., Auda, E., & Sollmann, R. (2026) · Mammalian Biology · doi:10.1007/s42991-026-00615-1
Geomorphometry for archaeology
Ullah, I. I., & Barton, C. M. (2026) · Developments in psychiatry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-44-333376-7.00039-2
Reuter, H. I., Grohmann, C. H., & Lecours, V. (2026) · Developments in psychiatry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-44-333376-7.00044-6
On the impact of rural electrification: the role of complementary factors
Tirkaso, W. T. (2026) · Journal of African Economies · doi:10.1093/jae/ejag016
避難所要時間に基づく災害リスク評価と避難経路探索システムの開発
孟, 楽. (2026) · QIR (Kyushu University Institutional Repository) (Kyushu University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Rees, W. G.
- Venue
- Computers & Geosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 203-209
- ISSN
- 0098-3004 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044089388
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Computers & Geosciences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Transportation Planning and Optimization
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Design and Spatial Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Keywords
- least-cost path, mountainous terrain, footpaths, digital elevation model, Dijkstra's algorithm, slope gradient, human locomotion, metabolic cost, route planning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review