Transparent, flexible, and multifunctional starch-based double-network hydrogels as high-performance wearable electronics
Abstract
To meet the increasing demands of sustainability and eco-friendliness, biopolymer-based hydrogels combining flexibility and ionic conductivity have drawn great attention for green and wearable sensors. However, the preparation of transparent, flexible, durable, and highly sensitive biopolymer hydrogel-based sensors for strain/pressure and humidity sensing remains a challenge. Herein, a facile one-step strategy is proposed to fabricate transparent, highly flexible, and multifunctional starch/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogels based on natural renewable starch. The resultant hydrogels exhibit fast self-adhesive ability and present high flexibility attributing to the double network consisting of cross-linked starch and polyacrylamide. Then the hydrogels can be assembled as transparent, self-adhesive, flexible, highly sensitive, and multifunctional strain/pressure and humidity sensors for accurate healthcare monitoring. The hydrogel-based sensor shows ultrahigh sensitivity to humidity (35-97% relative humidity). The multifunctionality and biological advantages of starch-based hydrogels offer potential applications in next-generation green and wearable electronics.
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The sensor performed good recognition of exhalations of different lengths and intensities, implying its potential application in respiratory monitoring.
“The authors also did real-time monitoring tests on human respiration, and the sensor performed good recognition of exhalations of different lengths and intensities, as shown in Fig. 14a-b, implying its potential application in respiratory monitoring.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Zeng et al. [276]
Zeng et al. used a simple one-step method to develop a transparent and highly flexible starch/PAM DN hydrogel humidity sensor based on natural renewable starch.
“Zeng et al. [276] used a simple one-step method to develop a transparent and highly flexible starch/PAM DN hydrogel humidity sensor based on natural renewable starch.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Zeng et al. [276]
It is humidity sensitive over a relative humidity range of 35 to 97%.
“At the same time, it is humidity sensitive over a relative humidity range of 35 to 97%.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Zeng et al. [276]
After 100 times of 50% compressive strain, the hydrogel-based sensor still works properly, demonstrating its potential for stable operation in real-world applications.
“After 100 times of 50% compressive strain, the hydrogel-based sensor still works properly, demonstrating its potential for stable operation in real-world applications.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Zeng et al. [276]
The hydrogel-based sensor is highly flexible and can withstand 80% compressive strain and 135% tensile strain.
“The hydrogel-based sensor is highly flexible and can withstand 80% compressive strain and 135% tensile strain.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Zeng et al. [276]
Cites
Wu, J., Wu, Z., Xu, H., Wu, Q., Liu, C., Yang, B.-R., Gui, X., Xie, X., Tao, K., Shen, Y., et al. (2019) · Materials Horizons · doi:10.1039/c8mh01160e · Cited by 391 · see citing works
An adaptive ionic skin with multiple stimulus responses and moist-electric generation ability
Pan, X., Wang, Q., Guo, R., Cao, S., Wu, H., Ouyang, X., Huang, F., Gao, H., Huang, L., Zhang, F., et al. (2020) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c9ta13407g · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Dong, D., Hao, T., Wang, C., Zhang, Y., Qin, Z., Yang, B., Fang, W., Ye, L., Yao, F., & Li, J. (2018) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.011 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
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Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors.
Luo, Y., Li, J., Ding, Q., Wang, H., Liu, C., & Wu, J. (2023) · Nano-Micro Letters · doi:10.1007/s40820-023-01109-2 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
“Zeng et al. [276] used a simple one-step method to develop a transparent and highly flexible starch/PAM DN hydrogel humidity sensor based on natural renewable starch.”
Method
- Authors
- Zeng, S., Zhang, J., Zu, G., & Huang, J.
- Affiliations
- Tongji University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zu, Guoqing
- Huang, Jia
- Venue
- Carbohydrate Polymers
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-09
- Volume
- 267
- Pages
- 118198
- ISSN
- 0144-8617 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3160550270
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 7.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Carbohydrate Polymers (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Keywords
- starch hydrogels, double-network hydrogel, polyacrylamide, transparent hydrogels, flexible hydrogels, wearable sensors, strain sensing, pressure sensing, humidity sensing, self-adhesive hydrogel, ionic conductivity, biopolymer hydrogels, healthcare monitoring, wearable electronics
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