Cited by 311Immune Response and InflammationImmune cells in cancerImmunotherapy and Immune Responses

Microbially driven TLR5-dependent signaling governs distal malignant progression through tumor-promoting inflammation

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Rutkowski, Melanie R., Stephen, Tom L., Svoronos, Nikolaos, Allegrezza, Michael J., Tesone, Amelia J., Perales-Puchalt, Alfredo, Brencicova, Eva, Escovar-Fadul, Ximena +7 more·2015·Cancer Cell

Abstract

The dominant TLR5(R392X) polymorphism abrogates flagellin responses in >7% of humans. We report that TLR5-dependent commensal bacteria drive malignant progression at extramucosal locations by increasing systemic IL-6, which drives mobilization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Mechanistically, expanded granulocytic MDSCs cause γδ lymphocytes in TLR5-responsive tumors to secrete galectin-1, dampening antitumor immunity and accelerating malignant progression. In contrast, IL-17 is consistently upregulated in TLR5-unresponsive tumor-bearing mice but only accelerates malignant progression in IL-6-unresponsive tumors. Importantly, depletion of commensal bacteria abrogates TLR5-dependent differences in tumor growth. Contrasting differences in inflammatory cytokines and malignant evolution are recapitulated in TLR5-responsive/unresponsive ovarian and breast cancer patients. Therefore, inflammation, antitumor immunity, and the clinical outcome of cancer patients are influenced by a common TLR5 polymorphism.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.11.009

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  • Natural cancer immunosurveillance can be negatively impacted by gut commensals through TLR5- and IL-6-dependent inflammation.

    “In contrast, the natural immunosurveillance of cancers can be negatively impacted by gut commensals through TLR5- and IL-6-dependent inflammation.”
  • The gut microbiome has multiple effects on tumor biology, including transformation, progression, and response to anticancer therapies including immunotherapy.

    “The gut microbiome has been shown to have multiple effects on tumor biology, such as the transformation process, tumor progression, and the response to anticancer therapies including immunotherapy (21-29).”
  • The interaction resulted in IL-6-dependent mobilization of MDSCs and subsequently more γδT cells producing immunosuppressive galectin-1, followed by impaired antitumor response and accelerated malignant progression.

    “The interaction resulted in IL-6-dependent mobilization of MDSCs and subsequently more γδT cells producing immunosuppressive galectin-1, followed by impaired antitumor response and accelerated malignant progression [60] (Fig. 2).”

    From Gut microbiota-mediated immunomodulation in tumor (2021) · cites this paper as [60]

  • Bacterial flagellin stimulated pro-tumoral inflammation through TLR5 signaling.

    “The notion was further supported by another study showing bacterial flagellin stimulated pro-tumoral inflammation through TLR5 signaling [60].”

    From Gut microbiota-mediated immunomodulation in tumor (2021) · cites this paper as [60]

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Hawn TR Verbon A Lettinga KD Zhao LP Li SS Laws RJ Skerrett SJ Beutler B Schroeder L Nachman A A common dominant TLR5 stop codon polymorphism abolishes flagellin signaling and is associated with susceptibility to legionnaires’ disease J Exp Med 2003b 198 1563 1572 14623910 PMC2194120
  2. Scarlett UK Rutkowski MR Rauwerdink AM Fields J Escovar-Fadul X Baird J Cubillos-Ruiz JR Jacobs AC Gonzalez JL Weaver J Ovarian cancer progression is controlled by phenotypic changes in dendritic cells J Exp Med 2012b 209 495 506 22351930 PMC3302234

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Authors
Rutkowski, M. R., Stephen, T. L., Svoronos, N., Allegrezza, M. J., Tesone, A. J., Perales-Puchalt, A., Brencicova, E., Escovar-Fadul, X., Nguyen, J. M., Cadungog, M. G., Zhang, R., Salatino, M., Tchou, J., Rabinovich, G. A., & Conejo-Garcia, J. R.
Affiliations
  • The Wistar Institute (US)
  • Christiana Care Health System (US)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
  • Abramson Cancer Center (US)
  • Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
Corresponding author
Conejo-Garcia, Jose R.
Venue
Cancer Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-01
Volume
27
Issue
1
Pages
27-40
ISSN
1535-6108 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2164918734
Cited by
311
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 16
FWCI
13.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cancer Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Conicet (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (CA010815, R01CA157664, U54CA151662, R01CA178687, R01CA163377, R01CA124515, T32CA009171, P30CA010815)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Keywords
TLR5, flagellin, commensal bacteria, tumor-promoting inflammation, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, granulocytic MDSCs, γδ T cells, galectin-1, interleukin-6, IL-17, antitumor immunity, malignant progression, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, microbiome
MeSH terms
Animals, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Molecular Sequence Data, Neoplasm Transplantation, Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-6, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Interleukin-17, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Galectin 1, Cell Line, Tumor, Toll-Like Receptor 5, Mice, Microbiota

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