Ionic liquid based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of aromatic amines in water samples

Dispersion in DLLME can be achieved by ultrasound or by repeatedly aspiring and injecting the sample with the disperser solvent.

“In other cases, dispersion is by ultrasound [17] or repeatedly aspiring and injecting the sample with the disperser solvent [18,19].”

IL-DLLME has a drawback of a wide peak at the beginning of the chromatogram corresponding to the IL.

“As can be seen, at the beginning of the chromatogram, there appeared a wide peak, corresponding to the IL - one of the main drawbacks of using IL-DLLME, as already reported [14-19,32,38,47,50,65-67] -although, in this case, it did not interfere at all in the separation.”

Amines and nitrogenous compounds have been target analytes in DLLME, including aromatic amines from waters, biogenic amines from rice wine, and nitrotoluenes from water samples.

“Amines and nitrogenous compounds have also been target analytes in DLLME. These applications include the extraction of aromatic amines from waters [19,87,88], biogenic amines from rice wine [89] and nitrotoluenes from water samples [19,90,91].”

For Fan et al.'s IL-DLLME of four aromatic amines, spiked recoveries were 93.4-106.4% and LODs were 0.45-2.6 μg/L.

“The spiked recoveries were in the range 93.4-106.4% and LODs were 0.45-2.6 l g/L.”

A wide peak corresponding to the IL appeared at the beginning of the chromatogram but did not interfere with the correct determination of the four analytes.

“As occurred in other works, a wide peak corresponding to the IL appeared at the beginning of the chromatogram, but did not interfere at all in the correct determination of the four analytes.”