Greening Sample Preparation: New Solvents, New Sorbents
Abstract
Sample preparation is still identified as the bottleneck of many modern analytical procedures owing to the time-demanding nature of many of the treatment protocols in use. Sample treatment is also considered responsible for a large part of the analytical inaccuracy of analytical methodologies because of the highly manipulative nature of most of these treatments. It is also one of the main limitations when trying to develop green analytical procedures because of the large amounts of reagents and energy consumption typically associated with most of the conventional sample preparation procedures. However, the efforts made in recent decades in this active research field are starting to improve the situation. Today, a plethora of miniaturized techniques have been commercialized for the treatment of liquid (or dissolved) samples. When combined with an appropriate state-of-the-art separation-plus-detection technique, accurate analyte determination is possible even if only a very small amount of sample (i.e. a few mg or mL) is used for the analysis. More importantly, many of these techniques allow sample preparation to be completed in a short time with minimal reagent and energy consumption and with a significant reduction in the amounts of waste generated. In recent years, initial limitations identified in some of these miniaturized solvent-based techniques have started to be circumvented by the incorporation of new non-toxic extraction media as extractants. Similarly, sorbent-based techniques have benefited from advances in the field of engineered materials and nanotechnology by the incorporation of novel sorbents with tuned physicochemical properties for enhanced extraction efficiency and selectivity. Using the analysis of trace organic components in food and environmental matrices as case studies, this chapter reviews the current state-of-the-art in the field of sample preparation.
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Incorporating DESs into solid nanostructured supports helps overcome viscosity-related limitations commonly associated with certain DES systems, leading to enhanced mass transfer during extraction processes.
“In addition, incorporating DESs into solid nanostructured supports helps overcome viscosity-related limitations commonly associated with certain DES systems, leading to enhanced mass transfer during extraction processes [119].”
From Eco-Friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Extraction Technologies: A Comprehensive Review of Principles, Applications, and Comparative Insights (2026) · cites this paper as [119]
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Alahmadi, S. M., & Abu-Dief, A. M. (2026) · Sustainable Chemistry · doi:10.3390/suschem7030033 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“In addition, incorporating DESs into solid nanostructured supports helps overcome viscosity-related limitations commonly associated with certain DES systems, leading to enhanced mass transfer during extraction processes [119].”
- Authors
- Ramos, L.
- Affiliations
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Ramos, Lourdes
- ORCID
- Ramos, Lourdes
- Venue
- Challenges in Green Analytical Chemistry
- Publisher
- The Royal Society of Chemistry
- Published
- 2020-05-13
- Pages
- 114-153
- OpenAlex
- W3022449106
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 190
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.86
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Keywords
- green sample preparation, miniaturized sample preparation, solid-phase extraction, sorbents, nanomaterials, trace organic contaminants, food analysis, environmental analysis, waste reduction, energy consumption
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