Questions about quitting (Q2): Design and methods of a Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) randomized screening experiment for an online, motivational smoking cessation intervention
Open accessAbstract
Effective interventions are needed to improve smokers' motivation for quitting, treatment utilization, and abstinence rates. The Internet provides an ideal modality for delivering such interventions, given the low cost, broad reach, and capacity to individually tailor content, but important methodological questions remain about how to best design and deliver an online, motivational intervention to smokers. The current paper reports on the intervention, study design and research methods of a randomized trial (called Questions about Quitting) designed to address some of these questions. Using a Multi-phase Optimization Strategy (MOST) screening experiment, the trial has two key aims: to examine the impact of four experimental intervention factors (each evaluated on two levels) on smokers' subsequent treatment utilization and abstinence, and to examine select moderators of each sub-factor's effectiveness. The experimental factors of interest are: navigation autonomy (content viewing order is dictated based on stage of change or not), use of self-efficacy based testimonials (yes vs. no), proactive outreach (reminder emails vs. no emails), and decisional framework (prescriptive vs. motivational tone). To our knowledge, this is the first application of the MOST methodology to explore these factors or to explore the optimal design for a motivational intervention targeting smokers not actively trying to quit smoking. The rationale for the experimental factor choice, intervention design, and trial methods are discussed. Outcome data are currently being collected and are not presented, but recruitment data confirm the feasibility of enrolling smokers at varying stages of readiness to quit.
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Multiphase Optimization Strategy Implementation Trials (MOST) can be used to identify and test an optimized implementation intervention when testing all combinations in a single design is not feasible.
“Testing all combinations in a single design is not feasible, but MOST can be used to identify and test an optimized intervention.”
From An Overview of Research and Evaluation Designs for Dissemination and Implementation (2017) · cites this paper as [69]
MOST has three phases: preparation, optimization, and evaluation.
“MOST has three phases.”
From An Overview of Research and Evaluation Designs for Dissemination and Implementation (2017) · cites this paper as [69]
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- Authors
- McClure, J. B., Derry, H., Riggs, K. R., Westbrook, E. W., St. John, J., Shortreed, S. M., Bogart, A., & An, L. C.
- Affiliations
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- McClure, J.B.
- Venue
- Contemporary Clinical Trials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1094-1102
- ISSN
- 1551-7144 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3408878
- OpenAlex
- W2030924693
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 2.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2013-05-01)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Contemporary Clinical Trials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01 CA138598)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, online intervention, motivational interventions, screening experiments, proactive outreach, treatment utilization, abstinence, readiness to quit, stages of change, intervention design
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Socioeconomic Factors, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking Cessation, Self Efficacy, Internet, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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