Cited by 266Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesBehavioral Health and Interventions

Web-Based Smoking-Cessation Programs

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Strecher, Victor J., McClure, Jennifer B., Alexander, Gwen L., Chakraborty, Bibhas, Nair, Vijay N., Konkel, Janine M., Greene, Sarah M., Collins, Linda M. +5 more·2008·American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Abstract

Background Initial trials of web-based smoking-cessation programs have generally been promising. The active components of these programs, however, are not well understood. This study aimed to (1) identify active psychosocial and communication components of a web-based smoking-cessation intervention and (2) examine the impact of increasing the tailoring depth on smoking cessation.Design Randomized fractional factorial design.Setting Two HMOs: Group Health in Washington State and Henry Ford Health System in Michigan.Participants 1866 smokers.Intervention A web-based smoking-cessation program plus nicotine patch. Five components of the intervention were randomized using a fractional factorial design: high- versus low-depth tailored success story, outcome expectation, and efficacy expectation messages; high- versus low-personalized source; and multiple versus single exposure to the intervention components.Measurements Primary outcome was 7 day point-prevalence abstinence at the 6-month follow-up.Findings Abstinence was most influenced by high-depth tailored success stories and a high-personalized message source. The cumulative assignment of the three tailoring depth factors also resulted in increasing the rates of 6-month cessation, demonstrating an effect of tailoring depth.Conclusions The study identified relevant components of smoking-cessation interventions that should be generalizable to other cessation interventions. The study also demonstrated the importance of higher-depth tailoring in smoking-cessation programs. Finally, the use of a novel fractional factorial design allowed efficient examination of the study aims. The rapidly changing interfaces, software, and capabilities of eHealth are likely to require such dynamic experimental approaches to intervention discovery.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.12.024

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  • Experimental approaches for optimisation include full or fractional factorial experiments, sequential multiple-assignment randomised trials, and system identification techniques.

    “The experimental approaches used for optimization include full or fractional factorial experiments 38, 39, the sequential multiple-assignment randomized trial (SMART), 40 and system identification techniques 41, 42.”

    From Evaluating Digital Health Interventions (2016) · cites this paper as [39]

  • Factorial designs may serve as an appealing substitute for observational studies or RCTs when the aim is to estimate separate effects of multiple intervention components.

    “Recently, behavioral scientists have noticed that a factorial experiment can be an attractive alternative to an observational study or an RCT (e.g., Collins et al. 2011; Strecher et al. 2008), when the objective is to estimate the individual effects of several different aspects of an intervention.”
  • It is possible to obtain funding for MOST and similar approaches from the National Institutes of Health.

    “As our project and a few others (e.g. (55)) have demonstrated, it is possible to obtain funding for MOST and similar approaches from the National Institutes of Health.”
  • There are viable models ranging from clinic staff merely referring to a state quitline or an eHealth intervention, to a chronic care model approach to disease management.

    “The possibilities are legion with viable models ranging from clinic staff merely referring to a state quitline or an eHealth intervention (54, 55), to a chronic care model approach to disease management in which staff take primary responsibility for assessment, intervening, and patient tracking (7).”
  • Attempts to focus on interactive technological elements of an intervention have reported positive correlations between interactive feature inclusion and outcomes.

    “Attempts to focus more directly on interactive technological elements of an intervention that may facilitate engagement have reported positive correlations between interactive feature inclusion and outcomes [21-24].”

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [12]Prochaska JO. A transtheoretical model of behavior change: implications for diet interventions. In: Henderson M, Bowen DJ, DeRoss KK, editors. Promoting dietary change in communities: applying existing models of dietary change to population-based interventions. Seattle WA: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; 1992. [Google Scholar]

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Authors
Strecher, V. J., McClure, J. B., Alexander, G. L., Chakraborty, B., Nair, V. N., Konkel, J. M., Greene, S. M., Collins, L. M., Carlier, C. C., Wiese, C. J., Little, R. J., Pomerleau, C. S., & Pomerleau, O. F.
Affiliations
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • Group Health Cooperative (US)
  • Henry Ford Health (US)
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
Corresponding author
Strecher, Victor J.
Venue
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-05
Volume
34
Issue
5
Pages
373-381
ISSN
0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1930054094
Cited by
266
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 21
FWCI
14.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (P50CA101451, R01CA101843)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords
smoking cessation, online intervention, e-health, personalized messages, success stories, outcome expectations, efficacy expectations, nicotine patch, abstinence, intervention components, fractional factorial design, health maintenance organizations
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Michigan, Middle Aged, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome, Internet

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