The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Causes and consequences of micronuclei
Open accessAbstract
Micronuclei are small membrane-bounded compartments with a DNA content encapsulated by a nuclear envelope and spatially separated from the primary nucleus. Micronuclei have long been linked to chromosome instability, genome rearrangements, and mutagenesis. They are frequently found in cancers, during senescence, and after genotoxic stress. Compromised integrity of the micronuclear envelope delays or disrupts DNA replication, inhibits DNA repair, and exposes micronuclear DNA directly to cytoplasm. Micronuclei play a central role in tumorigenesis, with micronuclear DNA being a source of complex genome rearrangements (including chromothripsis) and promoting a cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-mediated cellular immune response that may contribute to cancer metastasis. Here, we discuss recent findings on how micronuclei are generated, what the consequences are, and what cellular mechanisms can be applied to protect against micronucleation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Cellular senescence: when bad things happen to good cells
Campisi, J., & d'Adda di Fagagna, F. (2007) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2233 · Cited by 4,441
Massive genomic rearrangement acquired in a single catastrophic event during cancer development
Stephens, P. J., Greenman, C. D., Fu, B., Yang, F., Bignell, G. R., Mudie, L. J., Pleasance, E. D., Lau, K. W., Beare, D., Stebbings, L. A., et al. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.11.055 · Cited by 2,414
Regulation and function of the cGAS–STING pathway of cytosolic DNA sensing
Chen, Q., Sun, L., & Chen, Z. J. (2016) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3558 · Cited by 2,333
cGAS surveillance of micronuclei links genome instability to innate immunity
Mackenzie, K. J., Carroll, P., Martin, C.-A., Murina, O., Fluteau, A., Simpson, D. J., Olova, N., Sutcliffe, H., Rainger, J. K., Leitch, A., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature23449 · Cited by 1,752
Chromosomal instability drives metastasis through a cytosolic DNA response
Bakhoum, S. F., Ngo, B., Laughney, A. M., Cavallo, J.-A., Murphy, C. J., Ly, P., Shah, P., Sriram, R. K., Watkins, T. B. K., Taunk, N. K., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature25432 · Cited by 1,593
Self-citationMitotic progression following DNA damage enables pattern recognition within micronuclei
Harding, S. M., Benci, J. L., Irianto, J., Discher, D. E., Minn, A. J., & Greenberg, R. A. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature23470 · Cited by 1,508
Cytoplasmic chromatin triggers inflammation in senescence and cancer
Dou, Z., Ghosh, K., Vizioli, M. G., Zhu, J., Sen, P., Wangensteen, K. J., Simithy, J., Lan, Y., Lin, Y., Zhou, Z., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature24050 · Cited by 1,335
Fenech, M., Kirsch-Volders, M., Natarajan, A. T., Surralles, J., Crott, J. W., Parry, J., Norppa, H., Eastmond, D. A., Tucker, J. D., & Thomas, P. (2011) · Mutagenesis · doi:10.1093/mutage/geq052 · Cited by 1,244
DNA breaks and chromosome pulverization from errors in mitosis
Crasta, K., Ganem, N. J., Dagher, R., Lantermann, A. B., Ivanova, E. V., Pan, Y., Nezi, L., Protopopov, A., Chowdhury, D., & Pellman, D. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10802 · Cited by 1,227
Innate immune sensing of cytosolic chromatin fragments through cGAS promotes senescence
Glück, S., Guey, B., Gulen, M. F., Wolter, K., Kang, T.-W., Schmacke, N. A., Bridgeman, A., Rehwinkel, J., Zender, L., & Ablasser, A. (2017) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb3586 · Cited by 1,196
Cited by
Inflammation and DNA damage: cause, effect or both
Pezone, A., Olivieri, F., Napoli, M. V., Procopio, A., Avvedimento, E. V., & Gabrielli, A. (2023) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-022-00905-1 · Cited by 212
Telomeric 8-Oxoguanine Drives Rapid Premature Senescence In The Absence Of Telomere Shortening
Barnes, R. P., de Rosa, M., Thosar, S. A., Detwiler, A. C., Roginskaya, V., Van Houten, B., Bruchez, M. P., Stewart-Ornstein, J., & Opresko, P. L. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.05.442662
Human dermal fibroblast senescence in response to single and recurring oxidative stress
McCarty, T. Y., & Kearney, C. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2025.1504977 · Cited by 8
Dong, Q., Day, M., Saito, Y., Parker, E., Watts, L. P., Kanemaki, M. T., Oliver, A. W., Pearl, L. H., Hiraga, S.-I., & Donaldson, A. D. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60817-y · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Krupina, K., Goginashvili, A., & Cleveland, D. W.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Cell Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 70
- Pages
- 91-99
- ISSN
- 0955-0674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3130960912
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 75
- FWCI
- 3.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Causes and consequences of micronuclei. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.ceb.2021.01.004
- The paper
- Krupina, K., Goginashvili, A., & Cleveland, D. W. (2021). Causes and consequences of micronuclei. Current Opinion in Cell Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2021.01.004
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.