Impact of clinical pharmacist's educational intervention tools in enhancing public awareness and perception of antibiotic use: A randomized control trial
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Introduction In most developing countries, antimicrobial resistance is a public threat, and insufficient knowledge of antibiotics among the public adds to it. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the clinical pharmacist's pamphlets and video-based educational tools to address the public's knowledge, attitude, and practice gaps on antibiotic use. Methods This was a pre-and post-intervention cohort study of the adult population in South India who can read and understand Tamil or English. The study participants were designated into two groups-usual care group (pamphlet-based) and interventional group (video-based), with a pre-intervention assessment using a self-administered questionnaire, followed by an educational intervention by a clinical pharmacist, and finally, a post-intervention assessment after three months. Result Of the162 respondents, the majority were female (58%), in the age group of 26–35 (30%), with intermediate education (43%) from a middle-income family. The mean score calculated for each domain among the two groups: knowledge score (Pamphlet based-Pre: 2.26 ± 1.13; post: 3.23 ± 1.02), (Video based-Pre: 2.22 ± 1.45; post: 3.95 ± 0.89), Attitude score (Pamphlet based-Pre: 2.53 ± 1.96; post: 3.23 ± 0.9), (Video based-Pre: 2.39 ± 1.81; post: 4.21 ± 1.35), Practice score (Pamphlet based-Pre: 2.19 ± 1.02; post: 4.46 ± 1.81). A significant improvement was observed in all domains of the video-based counselling group compared to the pamphlet-based (p < 0.001). Conclusion Clinical pharmacists can effectively help in combating growing catastrophic AMR. Newer technologies need to be deployed in healthcare to educate the unreached. This study gives an insight into the technology-supported educational tool to provide awareness to the public effectively.
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Lower education levels are associated with an increased tendency toward pediatric ASM and limited knowledge regarding proper antibiotic use.
“Lower education levels are often associated with an increased tendency toward self-medication along with limited knowledge regarding the proper use of antibiotics [6, 10, 18, 46].”
From Prevalence and associated factors of self-medication with antibiotics among pediatric population in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
The Discussion links limited antibiotic knowledge to a study population with many rural participants who had primary education, and says participants with an educational background and good income had better antibiotic-use practices. It does not establish that lower education is associated with more self-medication, nor does it examine pediatric self-medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Radhakrishnan, R., Maheswary, D., Leela, K. V., & Damodharan, N.
- Affiliations
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Damodharan, Narayanaswamy
- Venue
- Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-01
- Volume
- 19
- Pages
- 101191
- ISSN
- 2213-3984 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4311776558
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacy and Medical Practices
- Social Sciences › Health › Social Media in Health Education
- Keywords
- antibiotic use, antimicrobial resistance, clinical pharmacists, educational intervention, pamphlets, public awareness, knowledge, attitudes and practices, health education, South India
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