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Branching Microtubule Nucleation in Xenopus Egg Extracts Mediated by Augmin and TPX2
Open accessAbstract
Summary The microtubules that comprise mitotic spindles in animal cells are nucleated at centrosomes and by spindle assembly factors that are activated in the vicinity of chromatin. Indirect evidence also has suggested that microtubules might be nucleated from pre-existing microtubules throughout the spindle, but this process has not been observed directly. Here, we demonstrate microtubule nucleation from the sides of existing microtubules in meiotic Xenopus egg extracts. Daughter microtubules grow at a low branch angle and with the same polarity as mother filaments. Branching microtubule nucleation requires gamma-tubulin and augmin and is stimulated by GTP-bound Ran and its effector TPX2, factors previously implicated in chromatin-stimulated nucleation. Because of the rapid amplification of microtubule numbers and the preservation of microtubule polarity, microtubule-dependent microtubule nucleation is well suited for spindle assembly and maintenance.
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Cited by
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Akhmanova, A., & Kapitein, L. C. (2022) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-022-00473-y · Cited by 233
Asymmetric Molecular Architecture of the Human γ-Tubulin Ring Complex
Wieczorek, M., Urnavicius, L., Ti, S.-C., Molloy, K. R., Chait, B. T., & Kapoor, T. M. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.007 · Cited by 136
Ran-dependent TPX2 activation promotes acentrosomal microtubule nucleation in neurons
Chen, W.-S., Chen, Y.-J., Huang, Y.-A., Hsieh, B.-Y., Chiu, H.-C., Kao, P.-Y., Chao, C.-Y., & Hwang, E. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep42297 · Cited by 41
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Metadata
- Authors
- Petry, S., Groen, A. C., Ishihara, K., Mitchison, T. J., & Vale, R. D.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 152
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 768-777
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2117279934
- Cited by
- 375
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 15.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Petry, S., Groen, A. C., Ishihara, K., Mitchison, T. J., & Vale, R. D. (2013). Branching Microtubule Nucleation in Xenopus Egg Extracts Mediated by Augmin and TPX2. Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.12.044
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