Asymmetric Molecular Architecture of the Human γ-Tubulin Ring Complex
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Abstract
The γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) is an essential regulator of centrosomal and acentrosomal microtubule formation, yet its structure is not known. Here, we present a cryo-EM reconstruction of the native human γ-TuRC at ∼3.8 Å resolution, revealing an asymmetric, cone-shaped structure. Pseudo-atomic models indicate that GCP4, GCP5, and GCP6 form distinct Y-shaped assemblies that structurally mimic GCP2/GCP3 subcomplexes distal to the γ-TuRC "seam." We also identify an unanticipated structural bridge that includes an actin-like protein and spans the γ-TuRC lumen. Despite its asymmetric architecture, the γ-TuRC arranges γ-tubulins into a helical geometry poised to nucleate microtubules. Diversity in the γ-TuRC subunits introduces large (>100,000 Å 2) surfaces in the complex that allow for interactions with different regulatory factors. The observed compositional complexity of the γ-TuRC could self-regulate its assembly into a cone-shaped structure to control microtubule formation across diverse contexts, e.g., within biological condensates or alongside existing filaments.
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This mechanism is structurally reminiscent of gamma-TuSC which acts as template for microtubule nucleation.
“Such a mechanism is structurally reminiscent of the helical Gamma-Tubulin Small Complex (gamma-TuSC) which acts as a template for microtubule nucleation during cell division [47].”
From Budding of a Retrovirus: Some Assemblies Required (2020) · cites this paper as [47]
The Discussion (page unavailable) describes a γ-TuSC core with helical parameters and reports that γ-TuSC oligomers can nucleate microtubules in vitro. It does not establish that γ-TuSC acts as a template specifically during cell division; it also cautions that a helical ring matching the microtubule lattice may not be required for nucleation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Self-citationOhta, M., Arakawa, O., Gu, Y., Tian, W., Corbett, K. D., Desai, A. B., & Oegema, K. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aed6539 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cryo-EM structures of γ-TuRC reveal molecular insights into microtubule nucleation
Mammri, L., & Conduit, P. T. (2024) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/s41594-024-01345-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Centrosome: A Microtubule Nucleating Cellular Machinery
Jaiswal, S., Kasera, H., Jain, S. S., Khandelwal, S., & Singh, P. A. (2021) · Journal of the Indian Institute of Science · doi:10.1007/s41745-020-00213-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The γ-TuRC: mastermind of multipurpose actions at the centrosome
Mukhopadhyay, S., Gao, Q., Manna, T. K., & Schiebel, E. (2026) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-026-06080-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Microtubule-Associated Proteins: From Dynamic Regulation of Microtubules to Cellular Architecture
Pais, E., & Schou, K. B. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15141289 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wieczorek, M., Urnavicius, L., Ti, S.-C., Molloy, K. R., Chait, B. T., & Kapoor, T. M.
- Affiliations
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kapoor, Tarun M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 180
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 165-175.e16
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7027161
- OpenAlex
- W2995545804
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 9.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Human Frontier Science Program
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Keywords
- γ-tubulin ring complex, microtubule nucleation, protein complex formation
- MeSH terms
- Actins, HeLa Cells, Humans, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Microtubules, Tubulin, Cryoelectron Microscopy, Microtubule-Organizing Center
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