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Functional analysis of Nox4 reveals unique characteristics compared to other NADPH oxidases
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signal transduction molecules in ligand-induced signaling, regulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and motility. Recently NADPH oxidases (Nox) homologous to Nox2 (gp91phox) of phagocyte cytochrome b558 have been identified, which are an enzymatic source for ROS generation in epithelial cells. This study was undertaken to delineate the requirements for ROS generation by Nox4. Nox4, in contrast to other Nox proteins, produces large amounts of hydrogen peroxide constitutively. Known cytosolic oxidase proteins or the GTPase Rac are not required for this activity. Nox4 associates with the protein p22phox on internal membranes, where ROS generation occurs. Knockdown and gene transfection studies confirmed that Nox4 requires p22phox for ROS generation. Mutational analysis revealed structural requirements affecting expression of the p22phox protein and Nox activity. Mechanistic insight into ROS regulation is significant for understanding fundamental cell biology and pathophysiological conditions.
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“NOX4 is distinct from NOX2 in its ability to generate directly both O2•− and H2O2 (25).”
From Skeletal muscle NOX4 is required for adaptive responses that prevent insulin resistance (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Martyn, K. D., Frederick, L. M., von Loehneysen, K., Dinauer, M. C., & Knaus, U. G.
- Affiliations
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Knaus, Ulla G.
- Venue
- Cellular Signalling
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 69-82
- ISSN
- 0898-6568 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1971215115
- Cited by
- 783
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 16.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cellular Signalling (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 45635, R01HL045635)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-84138, R01CA084138)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM 37696, P01GM037696)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- NOX4, NADPH oxidase, reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide, p22phox, gp91phox, epithelial cells, protein association, gene knockdown, mutation analysis
- MeSH terms
- NADPH Oxidase 4, Animals, Cell Line, Cell Membrane, Chlorocebus aethiops, Cytosol, DNA Mutational Analysis, Epithelial Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide, Phosphoproteins, Signal Transduction, Reactive Oxygen Species, NADPH Oxidases, COS Cells, rac GTP-Binding Proteins, Membrane Transport Proteins
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