Proteogenomic Network Analysis of Context-Specific KRAS Signaling in Mouse-to-Human Cross-Species Translation
Open accessAbstract
The highest frequencies of KRAS mutations occur in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The ability to target downstream pathways mediating KRAS oncogenicity is limited by an incomplete understanding of the contextual cues modulating the signaling output of activated K-RAS. We performed mass spectrometry on mouse tissues expressing wild-type or mutant Kras to determine how tissue context and genetic background modulate oncogenic signaling. Mutant Kras dramatically altered the proteomes and phosphoproteomes of preneoplastic and neoplastic colons and pancreases in a context-specific manner. We developed an approach to statistically humanize the mouse networks with data from human cancer and identified genes within the humanized CRC and PDAC networks synthetically lethal with mutant KRAS. Our studies demonstrate the context-dependent plasticity of oncogenic signaling, identify non-canonical mediators of KRAS oncogenicity within the KRAS-regulated signaling network, and demonstrate how statistical integration of mouse and human datasets can reveal cross-species therapeutic insights.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Mutant forms of KRAS produce distinct molecular and cellular phenotypes that are largely dependent upon the tissue context.
“mutant forms of KRAS produce distinct molecular and cellular phenotypes that are largely dependent upon the tissue context4,78,79”
From The origins and genetic interactions of KRAS mutations are allele- and tissue-specific (2021) · cites this paper as [78]
The intrinsic biochemical properties of a KRAS mutant are likely maintained in each cancer, but their downstream signaling properties, and ultimately their effects on tumorigenesis, are determined by the basal configuration of the tissue-specific signaling network.
“the intrinsic biochemical properties of a KRAS mutant are likely maintained in each cancer, their downstream signaling properties, and ultimately their effects on tumorigenesis, are determined by the basal configuration of the tissue-specific signaling network78”
From The origins and genetic interactions of KRAS mutations are allele- and tissue-specific (2021) · cites this paper as [78]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Subramanian, A., Tamayo, P., Mootha, V. K., Mukherjee, S., Ebert, B. L., Gillette, M. A., Paulovich, A., Pomeroy, S. L., Golub, T. R., Lander, E. S., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506580102 · Cited by 53,625 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using the Hallmarks gene sets on the total proteomics data and kinase enrichment analysis on the phosphoproteomics data to assess the signaling consequences of K-RAS activation (Liberzon et al., 2015; Lyons et al., 2018; Subramanian et al., 2005).”
MethodCytoscape: A software Environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks
Shannon, P., Markiel, A., Ozier, O., Baliga, N. S., Wang, J. T., Ramage, D., Amin, N., Schwikowski, B., & Ideker, T. (2003) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.1239303 · Cited by 51,888 · cited 3× · see citing works
“NDEx, the Network Data Exchange.”
MethodGene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology
Ashburner, M., Ball, C. A., Blake, J. A., Botstein, D., Butler, H., Cherry, J. M., Davis, A. P., Dolinski, K., Dwight, S. S., Eppig, J. T., et al. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/75556 · Cited by 43,206 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We employed PANTHER protein class enrichment to assess the diversity of the KrasG12D regulated protein repertoire (Figure 2F, Table S4) (Ashburner et al., 2000; Thomas et al., 2003; Thomas et al., 2006).”
MethodCerami, E., Gao, J., Dogrusoz, U., Gross, B. E., Sumer, S. O., Aksoy, B. A., Jacobsen, A., Byrne, C. J., Heuer, M. L., Larsson, E., et al. (2012) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0095 · Cited by 17,455 · cited 1× · see citing works
“KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene (Cerami et al., 2012; Forbes et al., 2017).”
BackgroundThe Molecular Signatures Database Hallmark Gene Set Collection
Liberzon, A., Birger, C., Thorvaldsdóttir, H., Ghandi, M., Mesirov, J. P., & Tamayo, P. (2015) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2015.12.004 · Cited by 13,807 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Pathway and kinase enrichment analysis—Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed on total proteomics datasets using the gene set permutation method and the Hallmarks Gene Sets (Figure 3) (Liberzon et al., 2015).”
MethodSTRING v10: protein–protein interaction networks, integrated over the tree of life
Szklarczyk, D., Franceschini, A., Wyder, S., Forslund, K., Heller, D., Huerta-Cepas, J., Simonovic, M., Roth, A., Santos, A., Tsafou, K. P., et al. (2015) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gku1003 · Cited by 10,436 · cited 1× · see citing works
“80), to characterize KrasG12D differential oncogenic signaling (Figure 2E) (Szklarczyk et al., 2015).”
BackgroundComprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer
The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11252 · Cited by 8,499 · cited 4× · see citing works
“The TCGA characterized proteomic and genomic features of primary CRCs and PDACs (Cancer Genome Atlas, 2012; Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialElias, J. E., & Gygi, S. P. (2007) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth1019 · Cited by 3,925 · see citing works
Self-citationDefining a Cancer Dependency Map
Tsherniak, A., Vazquez, F., Montgomery, P. G., Weir, B. A., Kryukov, G., Cowley, G. S., Gill, S., Harrington, W. F., Pantel, S., Krill-Burger, J. M., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.010 · Cited by 3,276 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Integration of Project Achilles data—We obtained gene dependency probability data for PDAC (n = 22) and CRC (n = 27) cell lines from Project Achilles to investigate the essentiality of genes in the humanized KiPNA networks and identify potential therapeutic targets (Aguirre et al., 2016; Cowley et al., 2014; Meyers et…”
BackgroundMethodPhosphoSitePlus, 2014: mutations, PTMs and recalibrations
Hornbeck, P. V., Zhang, B., Murray, B., Kornhauser, J. M., Latham, V. M., & Skrzypek, E. (2014) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gku1267 · Cited by 3,243 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Kinase enrichment is analogous to GSEA, with kinase enrichment inferred by differential phosphorylation of known substrates (Hornbeck et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodPANTHER: A Library of Protein Families and Subfamilies Indexed by FunctionPreprint
Thomas, P. D., Campbell, M. J., Kejariwal, A., Mi, H., Karlak, B., Daverman, R., Diemer, K., Muruganujan, A., & Narechania, A. (2003) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.772403 · Cited by 2,912 · cited 3× · see citing works
“14*10−2) as conserved KrasG12D responsive pathways (Thomas et al., 2003; Thomas et al., 2006).”
MethodPreinvasive and invasive ductal pancreatic cancer and its early detection in the mouse
Hingorani, S. R., Petricoin, E. F., Maitra, A., Rajapakse, V., King, C., Jacobetz, M. A., Ross, S., Conrads, T. P., Veenstra, T. D., Hitt, B. A., et al. (2003) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/s1535-6108(03)00309-x · Cited by 2,471 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Activated K-RAS cooperates with mutations in specific tumor suppressor genes to promote progression beyond a pre-neoplastic state in these cancers (Haigis et al., 2008; Hingorani et al., 2003).”
BackgroundIntegrated genomic characterization of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Raphael, B. J., Hruban, R. H., Aguirre, A. J., Moffitt, R. A., Yeh, J. J., Stewart, C., Robertson, A. G., Cherniack, A. D., Gupta, M., Getz, G., et al. (2017) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2017.07.007 · Cited by 2,019 · see citing works
Meyers, R. M., Bryan, J. G., McFarland, J. M., Weir, B. A., Sizemore, A. E., Xu, H., Dharia, N. V., Montgomery, P. G., Cowley, G. S., Pantel, S., et al. (2017) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3984 · Cited by 1,952 · see citing works
RAS Proteins and Their Regulators in Human Disease
Simanshu, D. K., Nissley, D. V., & McCormick, F. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.009 · Cited by 1,943 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The failure to inhibit K-RAS has motivated the search for alternative therapeutic strategies targeting its downstream signaling effectors (Simanshu et al., 2017; Velho and Haigis, 2011).”
BackgroundCOSMIC: somatic cancer genetics at high-resolution
Forbes, S. A., Beare, D., Boutselakis, H., Bamford, S., Bindal, N., Tate, J., Cole, C. G., Ward, S., Dawson, E., Ponting, L., et al. (2017) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkw1121 · Cited by 1,922 · cited 1× · see citing works
“KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene (Cerami et al., 2012; Forbes et al., 2017).”
BackgroundA tissue-specific atlas of mouse protein phosphorylation and expression
Huttlin, E. L., Jedrychowski, M. P., Elias, J. E., Goswami, T., Rad, R., Beausoleil, S. A., Villén, J., Haas, W., Sowa, M. E., & Gygi, S. P. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.001 · Cited by 1,778 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Proteins and phosphorylation sites were quantified by summing reporter ion counts across all matching PSMs using in-house software, as described previously (Huttlin et al., 2010).”
MethodSelf-citationProteogenomic characterization of human colon and rectal cancer
CPTAC, T. N., Zhang, B., Wang, J., Wang, X., Zhu, J., Liu, Q., Shi, Z., Chambers, M. C., Zimmerman, L. J., Shaddox, K. F., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13438 · Cited by 1,462 · cited 1× · see citing works
“From CRC tumors, 53 proteomic and 224 mutation profiles were used (Cancer Genome Atlas, 2012; Zhang et al., 2014).”
MethodMcAlister, G. C., Nusinow, D. P., Jedrychowski, M. P., Wühr, M., Huttlin, E. L., Erickson, B. K., Rad, R., Haas, W., & Gygi, S. P. (2014) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac502040v · Cited by 1,263 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Each analysis used an MS3-based TMT method (McAlister et al., 2014; Ting et al., 2011), which has been shown to reduce ion interference compared to MS2”
MethodSelf-citationMS3 eliminates ratio distortion in isobaric multiplexed quantitative proteomics
Ting, L., Rad, R., Gygi, S. P., & Haas, W. (2011) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1714 · Cited by 1,009 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Each analysis used an MS3-based TMT method (McAlister et al., 2014; Ting et al., 2011), which has been shown to reduce ion interference compared to MS2”
MethodSelf-citationProteogenomic Analysis of Human Colon Cancer Reveals New Therapeutic Opportunities
Vasaikar, S., Huang, C., Wang, X., Petyuk, V. A., Savage, S. R., Wen, B., Dou, Y., Zhang, Y., Shi, Z., Arshad, O. A., et al. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.030 · Cited by 799 · cited 2× · see citing works
“RB1 phosphorylation has been implicated in CRC progression, but that analysis did not stratify by KRAS alleles, a factor that our previous work shows can drive distinct downstream signaling (Poulin et al., 2019; Vasaikar et al., 2019).”
BackgroundResultTarget-Decoy Search Strategy for Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics
Elias, J. E., & Gygi, S. P. (2010) · Methods in Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-444-9_5 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Self-citationHaigis, K. M., Kendall, K. R., Wang, Y., Cheung, A., Haigis, M. C., Glickman, J. N., Niwa-Kawakita, M., Sweet-Cordero, A., Sebolt-Leopold, J., Shannon, K. M., et al. (2008) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.115 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreasing the Multiplexing Capacity of TMTs Using Reporter Ion Isotopologues with Isobaric Masses
McAlister, G. C., Huttlin, E. L., Haas, W., Ting, L., Jedrychowski, M. P., Rogers, J. C., Kuhn, K., Pike, I., Grothe, R. A., Blethrow, J. D., et al. (2012) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac301572t · Cited by 605 · cited 1× · see citing works
“PSMs with poor quality, MS3 spectra with more than seven TMT channels missing, less than 100 TMT reporter summed signal to noise ratio, or no MS3 spectra at all were excluded from quantitation (McAlister et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWang, Y., Yang, F., Gritsenko, M. A., Wang, Y., Clauss, T. R., Liu, T., Shen, Y., Monroe, M. E., López‐Ferrer, D., Reno, T. A., et al. (2011) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.201000722 · Cited by 600 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Off-line basic pH reversed-phase (BPRP) fractionation—We fractionated the pooled TMT-labeled peptide sample using BPRP HPLC (Wang et al., 2011).”
MethodGenomic Copy Number Dictates a Gene-Independent Cell Response to CRISPR/Cas9 Targeting
Aguirre, A. J., Meyers, R. M., Weir, B. A., Vázquez, F., Zhang, C., Ben‐David, U., Cook, A., Ha, G., Harrington, W. F., Doshi, M. B., et al. (2016) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0154 · Cited by 565 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Integration of Project Achilles data—We obtained gene dependency probability data for PDAC (n = 22) and CRC (n = 27) cell lines from Project Achilles to investigate the essentiality of genes in the humanized KiPNA networks and identify potential therapeutic targets (Aguirre et al., 2016; Cowley et al., 2014; Meyers et…”
BackgroundMethodThomas, P. D., Kejariwal, A., Guo, N., Mi, H., Campbell, M. J., Muruganujan, A., & Lazareva-Ulitsky, B. (2006) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkl229 · Cited by 499 · cited 3× · see citing works
“14*10−2) as conserved KrasG12D responsive pathways (Thomas et al., 2003; Thomas et al., 2006).”
MethodCowley, G., Weir, B., Vazquez, F., Tamayo, P., Scott, J. A., Rusin, S., East-Seletsky, A., Ali, L., Gerath, W. F. J., Pantel, S., et al. (2014) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/sdata.2014.35 · Cited by 398 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Integration of Project Achilles data—We obtained gene dependency probability data for PDAC (n = 22) and CRC (n = 27) cell lines from Project Achilles to investigate the essentiality of genes in the humanized KiPNA networks and identify potential therapeutic targets (Aguirre et al., 2016; Cowley et al., 2014; Meyers et…”
BackgroundMethodKRAS Alleles: The Devil Is in the Detail
Haigis, K. M. (2017) · Trends in Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2017.08.006 · Cited by 373 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Missense substitutions in the KRAS gene, which encodes a monomeric GTPase, activate KRAS protein by inhibiting its ability to hydrolyze GTP or by promoting the rapid exchange of GDP for GTP (Haigis, 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationBlumenschein, G. R., Smit, E. F., Planchard, D., Kim, D.-W., Cadranel, J., De Pas, T., Dunphy, F., Udud, K., Ahn, M.-J., Hanna, N. H., et al. (2015) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv072 · Cited by 349 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, because activated KRAS engages multiple downstream pathways, single agents targeting canonical effectors are not clinically effective (Blumenschein et al., 2015).”
BackgroundOptimally weighted Z-test is a powerful method for combining probabilities in meta-analysis
Zaykin, D. V. (2011) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02297.x · Cited by 266 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Statistical humanization—Insights from mouse total and phosphoproteomics datasets were statistically humanized using a modified version for the weighted Z-test in which we integrated information from multiple molecular data types and species (Table S5) (Zaykin, 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMouse Genome Database (MGD)-2017: community knowledge resource for the laboratory mouse
Blake, J. A., Eppig, J. T., Kadin, J. A., Richardson, J. E., Smith, C. L., Bult, C. J., & the Mouse Genome Database Group (2016) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkw1040 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
NDEx, the Network Data Exchange
Pratt, D. R., Chen, J., Welker, D., Rivas, R., Pillich, R., Rynkov, V., Ono, K., Miello, C., Hicks, L. D., Szalma, S., et al. (2015) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2015.10.001 · Cited by 250 · cited 3× · see citing works
“NDEx, the Network Data Exchange.”
MethodEmerging strategies for EphA2 receptor targeting for cancer therapeutics
Tandon, M., Vemula, S. V., & Mittal, S. K. (2010) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.2011.538682 · Cited by 250 · cited 1× · see citing works
“EPHA2 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in other cancers and is a potential therapeutic target (Song et al., 2017; Tandon et al., 2011).”
BackgroundPaulo, J. A., O’Connell, J. D., Everley, R. A., O’Brien, J. J., Gygi, M. A., & Gygi, S. P. (2016) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2016.07.005 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationKRAS G12D Mutation Subtype Is A Prognostic Factor for Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Bournet, B., Muscari, F., Buscail, C., Assenat, E., Barthet, M., Hammel, P., Selves, J., Guimbaud, R., Cordelier, P., & Buscail, L. (2016) · Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ctg.2016.18 · Cited by 205 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In PDAC, KRASG12D is associated with shorter overall survival and poorer prognosis than other forms of KRAS (Bournet et al., 2016).”
BackgroundTissue-Specific Oncogenic Activity of KRASA146T
Poulin, E. J., Bera, A. K., Lu, J., Lin, Y.-J., Strasser, S. D., Paulo, J. A., Huang, T. Q., Morales, C., Yan, W., Cook, J., et al. (2019) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-1220 · Cited by 197 · cited 2× · see citing works
“RB1 phosphorylation has been implicated in CRC progression, but that analysis did not stratify by KRAS alleles, a factor that our previous work shows can drive distinct downstream signaling (Poulin et al., 2019; Vasaikar et al., 2019).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationOncogenic <i>Kras</i> drives invasion and maintains metastases in colorectal cancer
Boutin, A. T., Liao, W.-T., Wang, M., Hwang, S. S., Karpinets, T. V., Cheung, H., Chu, G. C., Jiang, S., Hu, J., Chang, K., et al. (2017) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.293449.116 · Cited by 195 · cited 1× · see citing works
“TGFB signaling was induced by KrasG12D in colonic tumors (Figure 4), and this pathway was previously shown to regulate metastasis in Kras mutant mouse colonic tumors (Boutin et al., 2017).”
BackgroundKRAS Mutant Pancreatic Cancer: No Lone Path to an Effective Treatment
Zeitouni, D., Pylayeva‐Gupta, Y., Der, C. J., & Bryant, K. L. (2016) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers8040045 · Cited by 179 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Nevertheless, therapies targeting CDK2 and other cell cycle regulators are toxic, killing both healthy and tumor cells, making them potentially problematic therapeutic targets (Zeitouni et al., 2016).”
BackgroundPaulo, J. A., O’Connell, J. D., & Gygi, S. P. (2016) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1007/s13361-016-1434-9 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationKettenbach, A. N., & Gerber, S. A. (2011) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac201894j · Cited by 150 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[PubMed: 21183079] Kettenbach AN, and Gerber SA (2011).”
MethodRegulation of E2F transcription by cyclin E–Cdk2 kinase mediated through p300/CBP co-activators
Morris, L., Allen, K. E., & Thangue, N. B. L. (2000) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/35008660 · Cited by 144 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The control of both the transition from G1 to S phase via E2F signaling and G to M phase signaling by CDK2 in PDAC suggests that this kinase drives cell cycle activity and progression (Morris et al., 2000).”
BackgroundMutant KRAS as a critical determinant of the therapeutic response of colorectal cancer
Knickelbein, K., & Zhang, L. (2014) · Genes & Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2014.10.002 · Cited by 118 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In CRC, KRAS mutations are associated with anti-EGFR therapy resistance and KRASG12D is associated with reduced overall survival (Knickelbein and Zhang, 2015).”
BackgroundSong, W., Hwang, Y., Youngblood, V., Cook, R. S., Balko, J. M., Chen, J., & Brantley‐Sieders, D. M. (2017) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2017.170 · Cited by 98 · cited 1× · see citing works
“EPHA2 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in other cancers and is a potential therapeutic target (Song et al., 2017; Tandon et al., 2011).”
BackgroundNDEx: A Community Resource for Sharing and Publishing of Biological Networks
Pillich, R., Chen, J., Rynkov, V., Welker, D., & Pratt, D. R. (2017) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6783-4_13 · Cited by 87 · cited 3× · see citing works
“NDEx, the Network Data Exchange.”
MethodNDEx 2.0: A Clearinghouse for Research on Cancer Pathways
Pratt, D. R., Chen, J., Pillich, R., Rynkov, V., Gary, A., Demchak, B., & Ideker, T. E. (2017) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0606 · Cited by 75 · cited 3× · see citing works
“NDEx, the Network Data Exchange.”
MethodMicroRNA-34b Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis Through Repressing Smad3
Liu, C., He, C., Shi, S., Cui, X., Yang, J., Chen, L., Cen, P., Cai, X., Yu, L., Wu, C., et al. (2013) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/1566524011313040001 · Cited by 62 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SMAD3 and MET have been implicated in metastatic pancreatic cancer (Basilico et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMouse Genome Informatics (MGI): reflecting on 25 years
Eppig, J. T., Richardson, J. E., Kadin, J. A., Ringwald, M., Blake, J. A., & Bult, C. J. (2015) · Mammalian Genome · doi:10.1007/s00335-015-9589-4 · Cited by 58 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Mouse protein identifiers were converted to homologous human identifiers using the mouse genome informatics database (Blake et al., 2017; Eppig et al., 2015).”
MethodBrandes, F., Schmidt, K. M., Wagner, C., Redekopf, J., Schlitt, H. J., Geissler, E. K., & Lang, S. A. (2015) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1064-9 · Cited by 51 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Inhibition of MET – the most therapeutically tractable of these four potential targets – has shown efficacy in preclinical PDAC models (Brandes et al., 2015), but results in severe toxicity in patients in combination with standard-of-care (Zhen et Brubaker et al.”
BackgroundA phase I trial of cabozantinib and gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer
Zhen, D. B., Griffith, K. A., Ruch, J. M., Camphausen, K. A., Savage, J. E., Kim, E. J.-H., Sahai, V., Simeone, D. M., & Zalupski, M. M. (2016) · Investigational New Drugs · doi:10.1007/s10637-016-0376-1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Lyons, J., Brubaker, D. K., Ghazi, P. C., Baldwin, K. R., Edwards, A., Boukhali, M., Strasser, S. D., Suárez-López, L., Lin, Y.-J., Yajnik, V., et al. (2018) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.aan3580 · Cited by 36 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Kinase enrichment analysis on the phosphoproteomics data was performed using the GSEA software and kinase-substrate “gene sets” assembled from PhosphositePlus as previously described (Hornbeck et al., 2015; Lyons et al., 2018).”
MethodSelf-citationState of the art biological therapies in pancreatic cancer
Marco, M. D. (2016) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology · doi:10.4251/wjgo.v8.i1.55 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Silencing of argininosuccinate lyase inhibits colorectal cancer formation
Huang, H.-L., Chen, W.-C., Hsu, H., Cho, C.-Y., Hung, Y.-H., Wang, C., & Lai, M.-D. (2016) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.2016.5221 · Cited by 32 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Previous studies show that ASL inhibition causes G2M cell cycle arrest and inhibit growth of colon cancer cells in cell lines and mice (Huang et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMARCKS as a Negative Regulator of Lipopolysaccharide Signaling
Manček‐Keber, M., Benčina, M., Japelj, B., Panter, G., Andrä, J., Brandenburg, K., Triantafilou, M., Triantafilou, K., & Jerala, R. (2012) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1003605 · Cited by 24 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The CDK2 subnetwork linked MARCKS dephosphorylation to activation of TNFA Signaling via NFKB, consistent with MARCKS function as a negative regulator of inflammatory signaling (Mancek-Keber et al., 2012).”
BackgroundRegulation of homeostasis and oncogenesis in the intestinal epithelium by Ras
Velho, S., & Haigis, K. M. (2011) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.06.002 · Cited by 18 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The failure to inhibit K-RAS has motivated the search for alternative therapeutic strategies targeting its downstream signaling effectors (Simanshu et al., 2017; Velho and Haigis, 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBasilico, C., Modica, C., Maione, F., Vigna, E., & Comoglio, P. M. (2018) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.31550 · Cited by 14 · cited 1× · see citing works
“SMAD3 and MET have been implicated in metastatic pancreatic cancer (Basilico et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2013).”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Towards targeting of shared mechanisms of cancer metastasis and therapy resistance
Weiß, F., Lauffenburger, D. A., & Friedl, P. (2022) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41568-021-00427-0 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Self-citationThe origins and genetic interactions of KRAS mutations are allele- and tissue-specific
Cook, J. H., Melloni, G. E. M., Gulhan, D. C., Park, P. J., & Haigis, K. M. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22125-z · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationNext batter up! Targeting cancers with KRAS-G12D mutations
Zeissig, M. N., Ashwood, L. M., Kondrashova, O., & Sutherland, K. D. (2023) · Trends in Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2023.07.010 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Classification of KRAS -Activating Mutations and the Implications for Therapeutic Intervention
Johnson, C. W., Burkhart, D. L., & Haigis, K. M. (2022) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0035 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationTranslating preclinical models to humans
Brubaker, D. K., & Lauffenburger, D. A. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aay8086 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationDiscovery of a selective inhibitor of doublecortin like kinase 1
Ferguson, F. M., Nabet, B., Raghavan, S., Liu, Y., Leggett, A. L., Kuljanin, M., Kalekar, R. L., Yang, A., He, S., Wang, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-020-0506-0 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationCell Type–Specific Adaptive Signaling Responses to KRASG12C Inhibition
Solanki, H. S., Welsh, E. A., Fang, B., Izumi, V., Darville, L., Stone, B., Franzese, R., Chavan, S., Kinose, F., Imbody, D., et al. (2021) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3872 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“These results, along with signaling studies of tissues from KRASmutant genetically engineeredmousemodels (GEMMs), argue strongly that cell context will dictate responses to KRAS inhibition (42).”
ResultLi, H., Su, Q., Li, B., Lan, L., Wang, C., Li, W., Wang, G., Chen, W., He, Y., & Zhang, C. (2020) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.15104 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Soltis, A. R., Bateman, N. W., Liu, J., Nguyen, T. M., Franks, T. J., Zhang, X., Dalgard, C. L., Viollet, C., Somiari, S., Yan, C., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100819 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Rocca, A., Braga, L., Volpe, M. C., Maiocchi, S., & Generali, D. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14215306 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“However, the signaling pattern specific for each KRAS mutant is affected by the tumor tissue of origin [35] and by the coexisting mutations and other molecular alterations [36], preventing a simple predictive algorithm.”
BackgroundEPHA2-dependent outcompetition of KRASG12D mutant cells by wild-type neighbors in the adult pancreas
Hill, W., Ζαραγκούλιας, Α., Salvador-Barberó, B., Parfitt, G. J., Alatsatianos, M., Padilha, A., Porazinski, S. R., Woolley, T. E., Morton, J. P., Sansom, O. J., et al. (2021) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.094 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A proteomic and phosphoproteomic landscape of KRAS mutant cancers identifies combination therapies
Liu, Z., Liu, Y., Qian, L., Jiang, S., Gai, X., Ye, S., Chen, Y., Wang, X., Zhai, L., Xu, J. Q., et al. (2021) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.021 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Integrated multi-omics characterization of KRAS mutant colorectal cancer
Chong, W., Zhu, X., Ren, H., Ye, C., Xu, K., Wang, Z., Jia, S., Shang, L., Li, L., & Chen, H. (2022) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.73089 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Given that the phosphorylation cascade dominates KRAS-induced downstream signaling, obtaining a comprehensive profile of the proteome and phosphoproteome will be particularly informative to improve our understanding of the phenotypic heterogeneity of KRAS-mutant cancers [19, 20].”
BackgroundTargeting KRAS G12C Mutation in Colorectal Cancer, A Review: New Arrows in the Quiver
Ros, J., Vaghi, C., Baraibar, I., Gonzalez, N. S., Rodríguez-Castells, M., García, A., Alcaráz, A., Salvà, F., Tabernero, J. M., & Élez, E. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25063304 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“KRAS G12D mutations have been shown to elicit distinct gene and protein expression profiles compared with other KRAS mutations in a tissue-specific manner [15,16].”
BackgroundBrubaker, D. K., Kumar, M. P., Chiswick, E. L., Gregg, C., Starchenko, A., Vega, P. N., Southard-Smith, A. N., Simmons, A. J., Scoville, E., Coburn, L. A., et al. (2020) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.aay3258 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationRicciuti, B., Son, J., Okoro, J. J., Mira, A., Patrucco, E., Eum, Y., Wang, X., Paranal, R., Wang, H., Lin, M., et al. (2022) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2719 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Behind the Wheel of Epithelial Plasticity in KRAS-Driven Cancers
Arner, E. N., Du, W., & Brekken, R. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.01049 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“(4) developed a statistical approach to humanize multiplexed quantitative proteomic data from mouse models of colon and pancreatic cancer.”
BackgroundThe transcriptional landscape of glycosylation-related genes in cancer
Rodríguez, E., Lindijer, D., van Vliet, S. J., García-Vallejo, J. J., & van Kooyk, Y. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109037 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Are Parallel Proliferation Pathways Redundant?
Nussinov, R., Tsai, C., & Jang, H. (2020) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2020.03.013 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Identification of a targetable KRAS-mutant epithelial population in non-small cell lung cancer
Maroni, G., Bassal, M. A., Krishnan, I., Fhu, C. W., Savova, V., Žilionis, R., Maymi, V. A., Pandell, N., Csizmadia, E., Zhang, J., et al. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01897-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ras isoform-specific expression, chromatin accessibility, and signaling
Nussinov, R., Zhang, M., Maloney, R., & Jang, H. (2021) · Biophysical Reviews · doi:10.1007/s12551-021-00817-6 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Taken together, KRas and NRas can be differentially expressed in specific cell types because their chromatin accessibility status differ (Brubaker et al. 2019).”
BackgroundKrasP34R and KrasT58I mutations induce distinct RASopathy phenotypes in mice
Wong, J. C. Y., Pérez-Mancera, P. A., Huang, T. Q., Kim, J., Grego‐Bessa, J., Alzamora, M. D. P., Kogan, S. C., Sharir, A., Keefe, S. H., Morales, C. E., et al. (2020) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.140495 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“differences in the lung phenotypes among WT, KrasT58I/+, and CMV-Cre KrasLSL-P34R/+ pups might be due to failure to appropriately modulate ERK activity during the sacculation phase of lung development (Figure 5B) (24, 25).”
BackgroundMyers, P. J., Lee, S. H., & Lazzara, M. J. (2021) · Current Opinion in Systems Biology · doi:10.1016/j.coisb.2021.05.010 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Functional and Clinical Proteomic Exploration of Pancreatic Cancer
Huang, P., Gao, W., Fu, C., & Tian, R. (2023) · Molecular & Cellular Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100575 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Another study generated global proteomic and phosphoproteomic datasets of tissues from PDAC mouse models to identify Kras-driven signaling networks (30).”
BackgroundOmics-based molecular classifications empowering in precision oncology
Zhou, Z., Lin, T., Chen, S., Zhang, G., Xu, Y., Zou, H., Zhou, A., Zhang, Y., Weng, S., Han, X., et al. (2024) · Cellular Oncology · doi:10.1007/s13402-023-00912-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“The pertinence of phosphoproteomic and proteomic profiling in comprehending tumor heterogeneity has been demonstrated [124, 125].”
Multiomics Empowers Predictive Pancreatic Cancer Immunotherapy
Montagne, J. M., Jaffee, E. M., & Fertig, E. J. (2023) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2200660 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Oncogenic K-Ras suppresses global miRNA function
Shui, B., Beyett, T. S., Chen, Z., Li, X., Rocca, G. L., Gazlay, W., Eck, M. J., Lau, K. S., Ventura, A., & Haigis, K. M. (2023) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.008 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationBironzo, P., Cani, M., Jacobs, F., Napoli, V. M., Listì, A., Passiglia, F., Righi, L., Maïo, M. D., Novello, S., & Scagliotti, G. V. (2023) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.34731 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“8 Recent data on an isogenic system, including the most common NSCLC KRAS ‐ activating mutations, have shed new light on growth patterns as well as sensitivity to targeted agents of specific isoforms.”
Dräger, A., Helikar, T., Barberis, M., Birtwistle, M. R., Calzone, L., Chaouiya, C., Hasenauer, J., Karr, J. R., Niarakis, A., Martínez, M. R., et al. (2021) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab229 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Suárez-López, L., Shui, B., Brubaker, D. K., Hill, M., Bergendorf, A. M., Changelian, P. S., Laguna, A., Starchenko, A., Lauffenburger, D. A., & Haigis, K. M. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103406 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationKinase activities in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with prognostic and therapeutic avenues
Vallés‐Martí, A., Haas, R. R. D. G., Henneman, A. A., Piersma, S. R., Pham, T. V., Knol, J. C., Verheij, J., Dijk, F., Halfwerk, H., Giovannetti, E., et al. (2024) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1002/1878-0261.13625 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
STAT3 is a genetic modifier of TGF-beta induced EMT in KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer
D’Amico, S., Kirillov, V., Petrenko, O., & Reich, N. C. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.92559.2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Stuart, S., Watchorn, J., & Gu, F. (2023) · Digital Discovery · doi:10.1039/d3dd00009e · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Carroll, M. J., García‐Reyero, N., Perkins, E. J., & Lauffenburger, D. A. (2021) · Integrative Biology · doi:10.1093/intbio/zyab016 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationHang, J., Ouyang, H., Wei, F., Zhong, Q., Yuan, W., Jiang, L., & Liu, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.941046 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Kinase-pathway network analysis (KiPNA) We used a network analysis framework that is developed for relating kinase signaling with pathway dysregulation (37).”
MethodAutoTransOP: translating omics signatures without orthologue requirements using deep learning
Meimetis, N., Pullen, K. M., Zhu, D. Y., Nilsson, A., Hoang, T. N., Magliacane, S., & Lauffenburger, D. A. (2024) · npj Systems Biology and Applications · doi:10.1038/s41540-024-00341-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationOncogenic dependency plays a dominant role in the immune response to cancer
Li, J., D’Amico, S., Kirillov, V., Petrenko, O., & Reich, N. C. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2308635120 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Tumor types that did not form distinct clusters (H2 hybrids) showed elevated scores for the cell cycle and DNA replication (E2F targets, G2/M checkpoint, and MYC targets), supporting published results from mice (25) ( SI Appendix , Fig.”
ResultComputational translation of mouse models of osteoarthritis predicts human disease
Frost, M., Ball, B. K., Pendyala, M., Douglas, S. R., Brubaker, D. K., & Chan, D. D. (2025) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2025.09.010 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationTRIP13 protects pancreatic cancer cells against intrinsic and therapy-induced DNA replication stress
Anand, J. R., Droby, G. N., Joseph, S., Patel, U., Zhang, X., Klomp, J. A., Der, C. J., Purvis, J. E., Wolff, S. C., Bowser, J. L., et al. (2025) · NAR Cancer · doi:10.1093/narcan/zcaf009 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mutant KRAS-Associated Proteome Is Mainly Controlled by Exogenous Factors
Carvalho, P. D., Martins, F., Carvalho, J., Oliveira, M. J., & Velho, S. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11131988 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“dependent, showing allele and tissue/tumor specificities [8,9].”
Fighting the Sixth Decade of the Cancer War with Better Cancer Models
Tuveson, D. A. (2021) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0234 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Future Directions for Quantitative Systems Pharmacology
Schoeberl, B., Musante, C. J., & Ramanujan, S. (2024) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2024_737 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Direct genetic transformation bypasses tumor-associated DNA methylation alterations
Hetzel, S., Hodis, E., Triglia, E. T., Kovacsovics, A., Steinmann, K. E., Gnirke, A., Cui, M., McQuaid, D. C., Weigert, R., Pohl, G., et al. (2025) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-025-03650-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…colon adenoma/carcinoma models ( Apc Min/ + and Apc fl/ + combined with different Kras mutations ( Kras G12D/ + , Kras G13D/ + or Kras A146T/ + )) [40–42] as well as target enrichment methylation data sets for a pancreatic adenocarcinoma model (driven by Kras G12D/ + ) that can be further…”
Rajarathinam, B., Nandan, D., Venugopal, P., Nair, A. M., John, S., Nair, B. G., & Aradhya, R. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27072989 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhang, G., Chen, Y., Yan, C., Wang, J., Liang, W., Luo, J., & Luo, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1398231 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pullen, K. M., Finethy, R., Ko, S.-H. B., Reames, C. J., Sassetti, C. M., & Lauffenburger, D. A. (2025) · npj Systems Biology and Applications · doi:10.1038/s41540-024-00487-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationSTAT3 is a genetic modifier of TGF-beta induced EMT in KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer
D’Amico, S., Kirillov, V., Petrenko, O., & Reich, N. C. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.92559 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
KRAS regulation of miRNA: Stepping on the brake to go faster
Stalnecker, C. A., & Der, C. J. (2023) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.029 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
STAT3 is a genetic modifier of TGF-beta induced EMT in KRAS mutant pancreatic cancerPreprint
D’Amico, S., Kirillov, V., Petrenko, O., & Reich, N. C. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.09.01.555946 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“It integrates KRAS signaling outputs, with effector topologies, cooperating mutations, and environmental cues (23, 25, 26, 47).”
BackgroundThe impact of K-Ras Gly12 mutants on homeostasis and tumorigenesis in the colonic epithelium
Yang, M. H., Sheth, S., Shui, B., Grabski, I. N., Park, S. S., Galán‐Cobo, A., Irizarri, R., Heymach, J. V., Dow, L. E., & Haigis, K. M. (2026) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/s41388-026-03771-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationAllosteric regulation of switch-II controls K-Ras oncogenicityPreprint
Yang, M. H., Tran, T. H., Hunt, B., Agnor, R., Johnson, C. W., Waybright, T. J., Nowak, J. A., Stephen, A. G., Simanshu, D. K., & Haigis, K. M. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.20.508702 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Although there are many available small molecule inhibitors that target kinases downstream of K-Ras, effector-based therapy is complicated by the highly context-dependent nature of K-Ras signaling [18, 29].”
BackgroundSelf-citationTranslational Models for ENDP Assessment
Martin, F. P., Titz, B., Frentzel, S., Schlage, W. K., Ivanov, N. V., Hoeng, J., & Peitsch, M. C. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820490-0.00010-9
Kinase Activities in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Prognostic and Therapeutic AvenuesPreprint
Vallés‐Martí, A., de Haas, R. R. D. G., Henneman, A. A., Piersma, S. R., Pham, T. V., Knol, J. C., Verheij, J., Dijk, F., Halfwerk, H., Giovannetti, E., et al. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4506560
STAT3 is a genetic modifier of TGF-beta induced EMT in KRAS mutant pancreatic cancerPreprint
D’Amico, S., Kirillov, V., Petrenko, O., & Reich, N. C. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.92559.1
D’Amico, S., Kirillov, V., Petrenko, O., & Reich, N. C. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.92559.1.sa3
TRIP13 protects pancreatic cancer cells against intrinsic and therapy-induced DNA replication stressPreprint
Anand, J. R., Droby, G. N., Joseph, S., Patel, U., Zhang, X., Klomp, J. A., Der, C. J., Purvis, J. E., Wolff, S. C., Bowser, J. L., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.26.634889
Why are Some Tissues More Vulnerable? Revisiting Tissue Specificity in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes
Kozak, V. N., de Oliveira, J. C., Gradia, D. F., Mathias, C., & Ribeiro, E. M. S. F. (2026) · Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40291-026-00845-6
“Co-mutated partners in each organ revealed organ-and allele-specific dependencies, leading to distinct resultant cellular phenotypes, which has also been observed in other studies [83, 84].”
- Authors
- Brubaker, D. K., Paulo, J. A., Sheth, S., Poulin, E. J., Popow, O., Joughin, B. A., Strasser, S. D., Starchenko, A., Gygi, S. P., Lauffenburger, D. A., & Haigis, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lauffenburger, Douglas A.
- Haigis, Kevin M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Systems
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 258-270.e6
- ISSN
- 2405-4712 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6816257
- OpenAlex
- W2972639591
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Systems (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Keywords
- KRAS signaling, KRAS mutation, colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, proteogenomics, phosphoproteomics, synthetic lethality, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Proteogenomics, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Mutation, Protein Biosynthesis, Colorectal Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), Computational Biology, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, Mice, Gene Regulatory Networks, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Tumor Microenvironment, Cellular Microenvironment, Carcinogenesis, Datasets as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review