MgO content of slag controls phase evolution and structural changes induced by accelerated carbonation in alkali-activated binders
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Improved carbonation resistance of alkali-activated slag with higher Mg content is linked to the presence of a hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxide phase that sequesters carbonate anions.
“For example, Bernal et al. and Khan et al. linked improved carbonation resistance to the presence of a hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxide (LDH) phase (with composition Mg1-xAlx(OH)2An-x/n·mH2O, where x = 0.17–0.33 and An− is an anion42) which sequesters carbonate anions within its layered structure37,38,43.”
From Spatially resolved nanostructural analysis of disordered phases in carbonated alkali-activated slag (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
Multiple studies have shown improved carbonation resistance of alkali-activated slag with higher Mg content of slag.
“Multiple studies have shown improved carbonation resistance of AAS with higher Mg content of slag37–41.”
From Spatially resolved nanostructural analysis of disordered phases in carbonated alkali-activated slag (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
Cites
Myers, R. J., Bernal, S. A., San Nicolas, R., & Provis, J. L. (2013) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la4000473 · Cited by 579 · cited 4× · see citing works
“However, a structural model and interpretation of Si MAS NMR results for alkali-activated slags has recently been proposed [37], suggesting that Q and Q(1Al) sites could overlap with contributions of Q(3Al) and Q(4Al) sites from an aluminosilicate type gel forming in Al-rich binders, and these Q(4Al) sites will thus c…”
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Papadakis, V. G., Vayenas, C. G., & Fardis, M. N. (1989) · AIChE Journal · doi:10.1002/aic.690351008 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
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Lothenbach, B., Kulik, D. A., Matschei, T., Balonis, M., Baquerizo, L., Dilnesa, B., Miron, G. D., & Myers, R. J. (2019) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.04.018 · Cited by 1,250 · see citing works
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Bernal, S. A., & Provis, J. L. (2014) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/jace.12831 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Self-citationMicrostructural changes in alkali-activated slag mortars induced by accelerated carbonation
Li, N., Farzadnia, N., & Shi, C. (2017) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.07.008 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Ke, X., Bernal, S. A., & Provis, J. L. (2017) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.05.015 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of carbonates in the chemical evolution of sodium carbonate-activated slag binders
Bernal, S. A., Provis, J. L., Myers, R. J., San Nicolas, R., & van Deventer, J. S. J. (2015) · Materials and Structures · doi:10.1617/s11527-014-0412-6 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
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Self-citationEffect of alkali dosage and silicate modulus on carbonation of alkali-activated slag mortars
Shi, Z., Shi, C., Wan, S., Li, N., & Zhang, Z. (2018) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.07.005 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
The Role of Al in Cross‐Linking of Alkali‐Activated Slag Cements
Myers, R. J., Bernal, S. A., Gehman, J. D., van Deventer, J. S. J., & Provis, J. L. (2015) · Journal of the American Ceramic Society · doi:10.1111/jace.13360 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationPhase diagrams for alkali-activated slag binders
Myers, R. J., Bernal, S. A., & Provis, J. L. (2017) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.006 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citationThermodynamic modelling of alkali-activated slag cements
Myers, R. J., Lothenbach, B., Bernal, S. A., & Provis, J. L. (2015) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.06.006 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationStructural evolution of an alkali sulfate activated slag cement
Mobasher, N., Bernal, S. A., & Provis, J. L. (2016) · Journal of Nuclear Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.11.016 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent progress in understanding setting and hardening of alkali-activated slag (AAS) materials
Jiang, D., Shi, C., & Zhang, Z. (2022) · Cement and Concrete Composites · doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104795 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Gong, K., & White, C. E. (2016) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.09.003 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Ke, X., Bernal, S. A., Provis, J. L., & Lothenbach, B. (2020) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106158 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationMorandeau, A. E., & White, C. E. (2015) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02382 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Criado, M., Walkley, B., Ke, X., Provis, J. L., & Bernal, S. A. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10124709 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationSlag-Based Cements That Resist Damage Induced by Carbon Dioxide
Ke, X., Criado, M., Provis, J. L., & Bernal, S. A. (2018) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b04730 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationA parametric study of accelerated carbonation in alkali-activated slag
McCaslin, E. R., & White, C. E. (2021) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106454 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., & Çopuroğlu, O. (2022) · Cement and Concrete Composites · doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104642 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“[19,20] confirmed that the formation of hydrotalcite-like phase reduced the susceptibility to carbonation of alkali-activated slag paste produced with higher MgO content, which appeared to act as an internal CO2 sorbent.”
BackgroundKhan, M. S. H., & Castel, A. (2018) · Magazine of Concrete Research · doi:10.1680/jmacr.17.00062 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Spatially resolved nanostructural analysis of disordered phases in carbonated alkali-activated slag
McCaslin, E. R., James, M. C., Almer, J., Cai, Z., Kenesei, P., Park, J.-S., & White, C. E. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-67179-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bernal, S. A., San Nicolas, R., Myers, R. J., Mejía de Gutiérrez, R., Puertas, F., van Deventer, J. S. J., & Provis, J. L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Provis, John L.
- Venue
- Cement and Concrete Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 57
- Pages
- 33-43
- ISSN
- 0008-8846 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1989628939
- Cited by
- 493
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 19
- FWCI
- 63.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Cement and Concrete Research (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Microbial Applications in Construction Materials
- Keywords
- alkali-activated slag, MgO content, accelerated carbonation, carbonation resistance, hydrotalcite, C-A-S-H gel, gismondine, phase evolution, CO2 sorption, carbonation depth
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