The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Calcined clay limestone cements (LC3)
Open accessAbstract
Abstract The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to replace part of the clinker in cement is the most successful strategy to reduce CO2 emissions in the global cement industry. However, limited supplies of conventional SCMs make it difficult to take this strategy further unless new types of SCMs become available. The only type of material available in the quantities needed to meet demand is clay containing kaolinite, which can be calcined to produce an effective SCM. Such clays are widely available in countries where most growth in demand for cement is forecast. Calcined clays have previously been used as pozzolans, but calcination makes the economics of substitution marginal in a conventional pozzolanic blend. The major innovation presented here is the possibility to make a coupled substitution of cement with calcined clay and limestone. This allows much higher levels of substitution. Blends where calcined clay is used as a pozzolan, typically have clinker contents around 65–70%. Combination of calcined clay with limestone allows higher levels of substitution down to clinker contents of around 50% with similar mechanical properties and improvement in some aspects of durability. The replacement of clinker with limestone in these blends lowers both the cost and the environmental impact.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Assessing, Understanding and Unlocking Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Snellings, R. (2016) · RILEM Technical Letters · doi:10.21809/rilemtechlett.2016.12 · Cited by 348
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- Scrivener, 2014, Options for the future of cement, Indian Concr. J., 88, 11
- Matschei, 2007, The role of calcium carbonate in cement hydration, Cem. Concr. Res., 37, 551, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.10.013 · DOI · Paper page
- Fernandez, 2011, The origin of the pozzolanic activity of calcined clay minerals: a comparison between kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite, Cem. Concr. Res., 41, 113, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.09.013 · DOI · Paper page
- F. Wang, K. Kovler, J.L. Provis, A. Buchwald, S. Kamali-Bernard, L. Courard, K. Sideris, Metakaolin as an effective supplementary cementitious material, Chapter in State of the Art Report From Rilem TC SCM, (to be published).
- Alujas, 2015, Pozzolanic reactivity of low grade kaolinitic clays: influence of calcination temperature and impact of calcination products on OPC hydration, Appl. Clay Sci., 108, 94, 10.1016/j.clay.2015.01.028 · DOI · Paper page
- Avet, 2016, Development of a new rapid, relevant and reliable (R3) test method to evaluate the pozzolanic reactivity of calcined kaolinitic clays, Cem. Concr. Res., 85, 1, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.02.015 · DOI · Paper page
- Antoni, 2012, Cement substitution by a combination of metakaolin and limestone, Cem. Concr. Res., 42, 1579, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.09.006 · DOI · Paper page
- Vizcaíno-Andrés, 2015, Industrial trial to produce a low clinker, low carbon cement, Mater. Constr., 65, 10.3989/mc.2015.00614 · DOI
- Bishnoi, 2014, Pilot scale manufacture of limestone calcined clay cement: the Indian experience, Indian Concr. J., 88, 22
- Emmanuel, 2016, Second pilot production of limestone calcined clay cement in India: the experience, Indian Concr. J., 90, 57
- Samson, 2003, Calculation of ionic diffusion coefficients on the basis of migration test results, Mater. Struct., 36, 156, 10.1007/BF02479554 · DOI
- Saad, 1982, Properties of mass concrete containing an active pozzolan made from clay, Concr. Int., 59–65
- Quennoz, 2013, Interactions between alite and C3A-gypsum hydrations in model cements, Cem. Concr. Res., 44, 46, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.10.018 · DOI · Paper page
- Cancio Díaz, 2017, Limestone calcined clay cement as a low-carbon solution to meet expanding cement demand in emerging economies, J. Dev. Eng., 10.1016/j.deveng.2017.06.001 · DOI · Paper page
- Sánchez Berriel, 2016, Assessing the environmental and economic potential of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement in Cuba, J. Clean. Prod., 124, 361, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.125 · DOI · Paper page
- Joseph, 2016, An economic analysis of the production of limestone calcined clay cement in India, Indian Concr. J., 90, 22
Cited by
New development of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC)
Du, J., Meng, W., Khayat, K. H., Bao, Y., Guo, P., Lyu, Z., Abu-obeidah, A., Nassif, H., & Wang, H. (2021) · Composites Part B: Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109220 · Cited by 1,013
Wang, L., Cho, D.-W., Tsang, D. C. W., Cao, X., Hou, D., Shen, Z., Alessi, D. S., Ok, Y. S., & Poon, C. S. (2019) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.057 · Cited by 341
An overview of utilizing CO2 for accelerated carbonation treatment in the concrete industry
Li, L., & Wu, M. (2022) · Journal of CO2 Utilization · doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102000 · Cited by 305
Amitani, A., & Miller, S. A. (2026) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108769 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Scrivener, K., Martirena, F., Bishnoi, S., & Maity, S.
- Venue
- Cement and Concrete Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 114
- Pages
- 49-56
- ISSN
- 0008-8846 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2769719797
- Cited by
- 1,763
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 43.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- Funders
- Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (81026665)
- Swiss National Science Foundation (IB6920-109118, IZ70Z0-124011)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Calcined clay limestone cements (LC3). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.08.017
- The paper
- Scrivener, K., Martirena, F., Bishnoi, S., & Maity, S. (2018). Calcined clay limestone cements (LC3). Cement and Concrete Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.08.017
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
