The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Green remediation of As and Pb contaminated soil using cement-free clay-based stabilization/solidification
Open accessAbstract
Stabilization/solidification (S/S) is a low-cost and high-efficiency remediation method for contaminated soils, however, conventional cement-based S/S method has environmental constraints and sustainability concerns. This study proposes a low-carbon, cement-free, clay-based approach for simultaneous S/S of As and Pb in the contaminated soil, and accordingly elucidates the chemical interactions between alkali-activated clay binders and potentially toxic elements. Quantitative X-ray diffraction and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicated that the addition of lime effectively activated the hydration of kaolinite clay, and the presence of limestone further enhanced the polymerization of hydrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that approximately 19% of As[III] was oxidized to As[V] in the alkali-activated clay system, which reduced toxicity and facilitated immobilization of As. During the cement-free S/S process, As and Pb consumed Ca(OH)2 and precipitated as Ca3(AsO4)2·4H2O and Pb3(NO3)(OH)5, respectively, accounting for the low leachability of As (7.0%) and Pb (5.4%). However, the reduced amount of Ca(OH)2 decreased the degree of hydration of clay minerals, and the pH buffering capacity of the contaminated soil hindered the pH increase. Sufficient dosage of lime was required for ensuring satisfactory solidification and contaminant immobilization of the clay-based S/S products. The leachability of As and Pb in high-Ca S/S treated soil samples was reduced by 96.2% and 98.8%, respectively. This is the first study developing a green and cement-free S/S of As- and Pb-contaminated soil using clay minerals as an environmentally compatible binding material.
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Cites
Soil Contamination in China: Current Status and Mitigation Strategies
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Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils of the European Union with Implications for Food Safety
Tóth, G., Hermann, T., Da Silva, M. R., & Montanarella, L. (2016) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.017 · Cited by 1,654
Geopolymers and Related Alkali-Activated Materials
Provis, J. L., & Bernal, S. A. (2014) · Annual Review of Materials Research · doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-070813-113515 · Cited by 1,597
Advances in understanding alkali-activated materials
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Self-citationRecent advances in understanding the role of supplementary cementitious materials in concrete
Juenger, M. C. G., & Siddique, R. (2015) · Cement and Concrete Research · doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.03.018 · Cited by 1,229
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Self-citationSustainable remediation and redevelopment of brownfield sites
Hou, D., Al-Tabbaa, A., O’Connor, D., Hu, Q., Zhu, Y.-G., Wang, L., Kirkwood, N., Ok, Y. S., Tsang, D. C. W., Bolan, N. S., et al. (2023) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-023-00404-1 · Cited by 338
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, L., Cho, D.-W., Tsang, D. C. W., Cao, X., Hou, D., Shen, Z., Alessi, D. S., Ok, Y. S., & Poon, C. S.
- Venue
- Environment International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 126
- Pages
- 336-345
- ISSN
- 0160-4120 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2920603930
- Cited by
- 341
- References
- 42
- FWCI
- 14.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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