The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Loving a “defiant” AI companion? The gender performance and ethics of social exchange robots in simulated intimate interactions
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In the citing paper
“Regular, meaningful engagement with AI companions can reduce feelings of social isolation and provide emotional support, ultimately contributing to improved social well-being (Leo-Liu, 2023).”
From I love you, my AI companion! Do you? Perspectives from the Triangular Theory of Love and Attachment Theory (2026) · cites this paper as Leo-Liu, 2023
Citations
Cites
My Chatbot Companion - a Study of Human-Chatbot Relationships
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Design, Use, and Effects of Sex Dolls and Sex Robots: Scoping Review
Döring, N., Mohseni, M. R., & Walter, R. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/18551 · Cited by 143
Carpenter, A., & Greene, K. (2015) · The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication · doi:10.1002/9781118540190.wbeic160 · Cited by 132
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhang, R., Li, H., Meng, H., Zhan, J., Gan, H., & Lee, Y.-C. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713429 · Cited by 123
“Studies have shown that users tend to form emotional bonds and attachment with AI companions, perceiving them as trustworthy friends, mentors, or romantic partners [11, 52, 53], despite the simulated emotions and "artificial intimacy" [12].”
Hanson, K. R., & Bolthouse, H. (2024) · Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/23780231241259627 · Cited by 42
“Today, the more pressing fear is that because sextech does not require consent to initiate sexual interactions, the use of personified sextech may normalize problematic sexual behaviors (Hanson and Locatelli 2022; Kaufman 2020; Leo-Liu 2023; Moradbakhti, Schreibelmayr, and Mara 2022).”
Ng, P. M. L., Wan, C., Lee, D., Garnelo-Gomez, I., & Lau, M. M. (2026) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-11-2024-1783 · Cited by 27
A Responsive Present, a Shared Past, a Social Other: Teens' Overreliance on Companion AI Chatbots
Namvarpour, M., Chang, T., & Razi, A. (2026) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2609.14843
Untitled work
Eom, D., Renner, J., & Chinn, S. (2026) · arXiv (preprint)
Metadata
- Authors
- Leo-Liu, J.
- ORCID
- Leo-Liu, Jindong
- Venue
- Computers in Human Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-04
- Volume
- 141
- Pages
- 107620
- ISSN
- 0747-5632
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 6
- Language
- en
- Licence
- Funders
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Loving a “defiant” AI companion? The gender performance and ethics of social exchange robots in simulated intimate interactions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107620
- The paper
- Leo-Liu, J. (2023). Loving a “defiant” AI companion? The gender performance and ethics of social exchange robots in simulated intimate interactions. Computers in Human Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107620