The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Synthetic lethal screening identifies compounds activating iron-dependent, nonapoptotic cell death in oncogenic-RAS-harboring cancer cells.
Open accessAbstract
We screened small molecules to identify two compounds, which we named RSL3 and RSL5, that have increased lethality in the presence of oncogenic RAS. Counter screening with biologically active compounds defined aspects of the mechanism of action for RSL3 and RSL5, such as a nonapoptotic, MEK-dependent, and iron-dependent oxidative cell death. Erastin, a previously reported compound with RAS-selective lethality, showed similar properties. RNA interference experiments targeting voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (VDAC3), a target of erastin, demonstrated that RSL5 is a scaffold that acts through VDACs to activate the observed pathway. RSL3 activated a similar death mechanism but in a VDAC-independent manner. We found that cells transformed with oncogenic RAS have increased iron content relative to their normal cell counterparts through upregulation of transferrin receptor 1 and downregulation of ferritin heavy chain 1 and ferritin light chain.
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In the citing paper
“Under normal circumstances, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) neutralizes lipid peroxide to lipid alcohols, but the depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH, GPX substrate) reduces GPX functionality (Yang and Stockwell, 2008; Friedmann Angeli et al., 2014).”
From Toxic Concentrations of Glutamate Induce Ferroptosis without Affecting Mitochondrial Respiration in Rodent Brain Slice Cultures (2026) · cites this paper as Yang and Stockwell, 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“the ferroptosis-inhibiting effect of iron depletion by either chelators [539, 543, 548] or phosphorylase kinase catalytic subunit gamma 2 (PHKG2) knockdown [566]”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [543]
In the citing paper
“The mode of cell death induced by these compounds was surprisingly found to be non-apoptotic, as cells treated with erastin and RSL3 died in the absence of apoptotic hallmarks [11, 12, 13], and in cells where the core apoptosis machinery – caspases, BAX, and BAK was suppressed [14].”
From Ferroptosis: Death by Lipid Peroxidation (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“The first ferroptosis-inducing compounds, erastin [11] and RSL3 [12], were discovered using high-throughout screening of small molecule libraries [11, 12].”
From Ferroptosis: Death by Lipid Peroxidation (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Cell death induced by RSL3 shares common features with erastin-mediated ferroptosis, such as iron, MEK, and ROS dependencies [12].”
From Ferroptosis: Death by Lipid Peroxidation (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, iron chelators were identified as inhibitors of cell death induction, after RSL3 treatment, revealing the requirement of cellular iron [12].”
From Ferroptosis: Death by Lipid Peroxidation (2016) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Cells are also desensitized to ferroptosis through genetic silencing of iron uptake (TfR1), metabolism (IRP2 and ISCU) and storage (ferritin) genes [62], [66], [82], or through depletion of transferrin in the extracellular environment [83].”
From Iron accumulation in senescent cells is coupled with impaired ferritinophagy and inhibition of ferroptosis (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“Cell death elicited by ferroptosis-inducing compounds (FINs) (e.g. erastin and RSL3) can also be mitigated through various iron chelators (Dfo, 2,2-bipyridile or compound 311) [62], [66], [81].”
From Iron accumulation in senescent cells is coupled with impaired ferritinophagy and inhibition of ferroptosis (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“Ferroptosis, a unique cell death pathway distinct from apoptosis [62], [66], [80], is reliant on the availability of iron [62], [66], [81] liberated through ferritinophagy [63].”
From Iron accumulation in senescent cells is coupled with impaired ferritinophagy and inhibition of ferroptosis (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
In the citing paper
“two structurally different inducers of ferroptosis that affect distinct pathways [66].”
From Iron accumulation in senescent cells is coupled with impaired ferritinophagy and inhibition of ferroptosis (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yang, W. S., & Stockwell, B. R.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stockwell, Brent R.
- Venue
- Chemistry & Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 234-245
- ISSN
- 1074-5521 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2683762
- OpenAlex
- W2114138419
- Cited by
- 1,876
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 138 · 2025: 231 · 2024: 319 · 2023: 312 · 2022: 271 · 2021: 202 · 2020: 135 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Chemistry & Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA097061)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- synthetic lethality, oncogenic Ras, RSL3, erastin, non-apoptotic cell death, iron-dependent cell death, oxidative cell death, VDAC3, voltage-dependent anion channel, transferrin receptor 1, ferritin, iron metabolism, small molecule screening, cancer cell death
- MeSH terms
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Humans, Iron, Mutation, Neoplasms, Piperazines, Substrate Specificity, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), Cell Death, Apoptosis, Cell Line, Tumor, Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels, Small Molecule Libraries
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