Fate of the sunscreen compound oxybenzone in Cyperus alternifolius based hydroponic culture: Uptake, biotransformation and phytotoxicity
Abstract
Oxybenzone (OBZ), a common ingredient in sunscreens and personal care products, has been frequently detected in effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants and also in surface waters. OBZ is an emerging contaminant due to its adverse impacts on marine/aquatic ecosystems. To investigate the removal and degradation capacity of phytotreatment for OBZ, the common wetland plant species Cyperus alternifolius L. was exposed to this compound at 5, 25 and 50 μM for 120 h, respectively. Continuous uptake by roots and accumulation in plant tissues was observed over the exposure time, and depletion of spiked OBZ from the aqueous medium exceeded 73.9 ± 9.1% after 120 h. Similar to its fate in mammalian cells, OBZ is activated in a phase I reaction resulting in the hydroxylated metabolite 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHB). Independently, two phase II metabolites were identified as oxybenzone-glucoside (OBZ-Glu) and oxybenzone-(6-O-malonyl)-glucoside (OBZ-Mal-Glu) by LC-MS/MS. Formation of these metabolites increased over the experimental period. To our knowledge this is the first time that DHB, OBZ-Glu and OBZ-Mal-Glu are shown to be formed in higher plant tissues. Furthermore, plant defense systems-antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, APOX and POX) were found to be elevated to counteract stress caused by exposure to OBZ. This study presents the huge potential of aquatic plants to cope with benzophenone type UV filters in contaminated water bodies.
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Transfer through the plant has been demonstrated for many compounds.
“Transfer through the plant has been demonstrated for many compounds (Cui et al., 2015, Chen et al., 2016).”
From Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe—A vision how to mobilize marginal lands (2018) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Chen, F., Huber, C., & Schröder, P.
- Affiliations
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Schröder, Peter
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 182
- Pages
- 638-646
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2612386133
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- China Scholarship Council (201 308 080 019)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Keywords
- benzophenone-3, Cyperus alternifolius, phytoremediation, sunscreen UV filters, benzophenone UV filters, plant uptake, biotransformation, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, malonyl glucosides, phytotoxicity, antioxidant enzymes, emerging contaminants, wastewater treatment effluent, aquatic plants
- MeSH terms
- Benzophenones, Biodegradation, Environmental, Sunscreening Agents, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Hydroponics, Cyperus, Wastewater
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