Transforming polystyrene waste into 3D hierarchically porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitors

Carbon-Based Supercapacitors Produced by Activation of Graphene

Zhu, Y., Murali, S., Stoller, M. D., Ganesh, K. J., Cai, W., Ferreira, P. J., Pirkle, A. R., Wallace, R. M., Cychosz, K. A., Thommes, M., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1200770 · Cited by 6,134

Where do batteries end and supercapacitors begin?

Simon, P., Gogotsi, Y., & Dunn, B. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1249625 · Cited by 5,634

Electrochemical Capacitors for Energy Management

Miller, J. R., & Simon, P. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1158736 · Cited by 4,840

Anomalous Increase in Carbon Capacitance at Pore Sizes Less Than 1 Nanometer

Chmiola, J., Yushin, G. N., Gogotsi, Y. G., Portet, C., Simon, P., & Taberna, P. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1132195 · Cited by 4,028

Mechanical and chemical recycling of solid plastic waste

Ragaert, K., Delva, L., & Van Geem, K. (2017) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.044 · Cited by 3,276

KOH activation of carbon-based materials for energy storage

Wang, J., & Kaskel, S. (2012) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c2jm34066f · Cited by 2,763

A review of chemical vapour deposition of graphene on copper

Mattevi, C., Kim, H., & Chhowalla, M. (2010) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c0jm02126a · Cited by 1,489

Review on recent advances in nitrogen-doped carbons: preparations and applications in supercapacitors

Deng, Y., Xie, Y., Zou, K., & Ji, X. (2015) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c5ta08620e · Cited by 1,004

Carbon-based supercapacitors for efficient energy storage

Chen, X., Paul, R., & Dai, L. (2017) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwx009 · Cited by 972

Biomass derived carbon for energy storage devices

Wang, J., Nie, P., Ding, B., Dong, S., Hao, X., Dou, H., & Zhang, X. (2016) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c6ta08742f · Cited by 808

Sustainable upcycling of polypropylene-based masks into high-performance carbon materials for supercapacitors via molten salt carbonization and air activation

Qiu, L., Liu, H., Jiang, M., Zhang, H., Zeng, C., Guo, Q., & Chen, S. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.116249 · Cited by 7

Biophysical characterization and in vitro imaging of carbonized MOFs

Zou, H., Li, X., Zheng, W., & Zhou, X. (2022) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.095 · Cited by 7

Solvo/hydrothermal upcycling of polyethylene plastic-waste into carbon-based nanocomposite for supercapacitor application

Kigozi, M., Tebandeke, E., Kirabira, J. B., & Kasozi, G. N. (2023) · Materials Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/02670836.2023.2215646 · Cited by 6

Exploring the feasibility of using spent rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) tea waste–derived activated carbon for supercapacitor applications

Gembo, R. O., Morake, G. P., Orero, B. O., Odisitse, S., Msagati, T. A. M., & King’ondu, C. K. (2024) · Ionics · doi:10.1007/s11581-024-05917-3 · Cited by 6

Scalable processing method using waste polystyrene to produce nitrogen-enriched porous carbon for boosting supercapacitor performance

Sahoo, R. K., Chitumalla, R. K., Das, A., Mohapatra, M., Yun, J. M., Jang, J., Kim, K. H., & Singh, S. K. (2021) · Materials Letters · doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130135 · Cited by 6

Detection of sodium ion in aqueous soil extract using Prussian blue modified screen-printed electrodes

González-Nava, V. J., Solís-Valdez, S., Manríquez, J., Sepúlveda-Guzmán, S., Stortini, A. M., & Bustos, E. (2024) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145564 · Cited by 5

Sustainable electrode material from waste plastic for modern energy storage devices

Shrivastava, K., & Jain, A. (2024) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Energy and Environment · doi:10.1002/wene.510 · Cited by 5

Low-temperature modified-immersion molten ZnCl 2 -carbonization and activation for continuous production of mesoporous carbon from plastic waste

Waiyaka, T., Nganglumpoon, R., Rajrujithong, C., Tolek, W., Chai, P. V., Shirai, M., Wuttitrairut, A., Kittisupakorn, P., & Panpranot, J. (2025) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d5gc02465j · Cited by 4

Conversion of Wood into Hierarchically Porous Charcoal in the 200‐Gram‐Scale using Home‐Built Kiln**

Leonel, L., & Arnal, P. (2021) · Chemistry - Methods · doi:10.1002/cmtd.202100037 · Cited by 4

Plastics Waste to Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Supercapacitor Applications

Tewari, C., Tatrari, G., Sahoo, N. G., & Mukhopadhyay, P. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88667-3.00005-9 · Cited by 4

Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Cryogels as Adsorbents: Efficient Removal of Organophosphate Pesticides from Water and Assessment of Toxicity Reduction

Pašti, T. D. L., Anićijević, V. J., Karkalić, R., Baljozović, M., Babić, B., & Pašti, I. A. (2024) · C – Journal of Carbon Research · doi:10.3390/c10020056 · Cited by 3

Navigating towards a plastic-free future: A holistic review of microplastic accumulation and management for land and environmental sustainability

Hasnain, M., Ali, F., Hira, I., Zainab, R., Shanableh, A., & Abideen, Z. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.122572 · Cited by 2

Transforming Waste Polystyrene into High-Performance Porous Frames with Tunable Cellular Structures via Supercritical Nitrogen Foaming

Huang, P., Chen, J., Su, Y., Luo, H., Lee, P., Lan, X., Wang, L., Shen, B., Zhao, Y., Wu, F., et al. (2022) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01709 · Cited by 2

An eco-economic approach of valorization of plastic waste into functional materials for energy and environmental applications

Ganesan, V., & Mohamed, M. S. B. K. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23599-3.00008-3 · Cited by 2

Exploratory electrosorption performance of dual chambered cylindrical flow through system: A response surface approach

Ganesan, V., & Begum, K. M. M. S. (2025) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2025.07.043 · Cited by 2

Sodium bicarbonate-assisted construction of honeycomb-like porous carbon materials with interconnected cavities for enhanced zinc ion storage

Chen, E., Sheng, Z., Sun, Y., Tang, Z., Wang, J., Zhu, X., Wang, Z., Li, X., & Xie, X. (2025) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2025.136983 · Cited by 1

Carbon from plastic: Synthesis, characterization, and application in dye wastewater treatment

Deshmukh, S. C., Walaskar, S., Deokar, S. K., Jadhav, A. R., & Pathak, P. D. (2025) · Water Environment Research · doi:10.1002/wer.70092 · Cited by 2

A porous carbon derived from hyper-crosslinked polymer for hydrogen Storage: Synthesis, characterization, techno-economic analysis

Maghraby, M. A. E., Essalhi, M., Zentou, H., Abdelmonem, N., Al-Yaseri, A. Z., & Abdelnaby, M. M. (2026) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154480 · Cited by 1

Review on hierarchical fibers from plastic waste via coaxial electrospinning and thermal transformation: A methodological framework for energy storage applications

Belgibayeva, A., Zhumabekova, A., Rakhmetova, A., Mukanova, A. O., Kong, L., Bakenov, Z., Kim, S.-S., & Nurpeissova, A. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101436 · Cited by 1

Review on Materials and Methods for Supercapacitors

Yaquin, H., & Dheep, G. R. (2020) · International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS) · doi:10.1109/iciss49785.2020.9315859 · Cited by 1

Hierarchical Porous Carbon Derived from Carex Meyeriana Kunth with Natural Channel Arrays for Rapid and Efficient Removal of Dye and Antibiotic from WaterPreprint

Qi, J., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Zhu, G., Chen, S., Tang, S., Liang, D., Yu, X., Su, Y., & Chen, G. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3975248 · Cited by 1

Ternary Composite Electrode Carbon Fiber/mno2 /polyaniline for Supercapacitor Applications Based on Naturally Available Broom and Bamboo SticksPreprint

Shetty, Y., Holla, S. R., N, S. D., & Selvakumar, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2044786/v1 · Cited by 1

Adsorption of Dye and Antibiotic from Water Using Carex Meyeriana Kunth-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon with Open Channel ArraysPreprint

Qi, J., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Zhu, G., Tang, S., Yu, X., Su, Y., Chen, S., Liang, D., & Chen, G. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4071760

Hierarchical Porous Carbon Made from Fungal Composite Agar: Ultra-High Specific Surface Area and Remarkable Adsorption of Brilliant Green and Tetracycline HydrochloridePreprint

Xia, Y., Zhang, B., Guo, Z., Tang, S., Chen, H., Su, Y., Yu, X., Chen, S., & Chen, G. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4130242

Waste Plastic Generated High-Performance Nanocomposites for Modern EDLC and LIB: A Two-Way Sustainable Approach

Shrivastava, K., & Jain, A. (2024) · Advances in sustainability science and technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9009-2_17

Exploring the Feasibility of Using Spent Rooibos Tea Waste-Derived Activated Carbon for Supercapacitor ApplicationsPreprint

Gembo, R. O., Morake, G. P., Orero, B. O., Odisitse, S., Msagati, T. A. M., & King’ondu, C. K. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4869189/v1

High-throughput processing of microplastics based on Z-type radial flow separator: Fluid flow characteristics

Wei, Q., Ma, H., Feng, W., Ding, J., Yang, P., Li, A., Yang, D., Lv, W., & Wang, H. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139873

Catalytic pyrolysis and incineration of hard-to-recycle plastic waste

Lähde, A., Sippula, O., Donskyi, D., & Murashko, K. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29078-7.00004-6

Additional file 1 of Three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon derived from natural resources for highly efficient treatment of polluted water

Li, J., Holze, R., Moyo, S., Wang, S., Li, S., Tang, T., & Chen, X. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16305709

Co3O4 microspheres embedded in microplastic-derived NiO/CNSs nanosheets for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation toward tetracycline hydrochloride degradation

Wang, L., Zhang, J., Hao, Y., & Wan, J. (2026) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2026.167509

Polypropylene-derived nanotube-like graphitized carbon by in-situ low-temperature catalytic carbonization for high-capacity sodium-ion capture

Yu, F., Ni, J., Qin, Q., Pan, F., & Ma, J. (2026) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2026.120501

Coal tar-derived hierarchical porous carbon with co-precipitated Fe-based template for EDLCs and zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors

Li, Y., Hu, J., Jin, S., Zheng, J., & Lv, Y. (2026) · Inorganic Chemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2026.117177

Activation of Biomass-Derived Carbon Platelets for EDLC Symmetrical Devices

Thirumal, V., Rajivgandhi, P., Sekar, A., & Kim, J. H. (2026) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano16150957

Waste-derived Carbon-based Materials: The Backbone of Supercapacitors

Tewari, C., Arya, T., Yoon, S., & Jung, Y. C. (2026) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781837678549-00063

Activated carbon catalyst derived from polystyrene for performance enhancement of vanadium redox flow batteries

Oh, Y., Shin, M., & Kwon, Y. (2026) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2026.124152

Green conversion of waste polyethylene terephthalate to functional porous carbon: Mg/Ni synergistic modulation for enhanced supercapacitive energy storage

Zheng, Z., Yang, X., Zhan, H., Wu, H., & Wang, K. (2026) · Dalton Transactions · doi:10.1039/d6dt01675h

Layered MoS2 supported on plastic-derived and nitrogen-doped activated carbon as an efficient catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Yang, N., Lin, X. X., Ma, Y., Li, H., Yang, Y., Tang, H., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Du, B., Georgiadou, S., et al. (2026) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.241721

Valorization of different waste streams for supercapacitor generation: An analysis

Melikoğlu, M. (2026) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2026.117619

Porous carbon derived from waste polystyrene foam for supercapacitor

Zhang, Y., Shen, Z., Yu, Y., Liu, L., Wang, G., & Chen, A. (2018) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-018-2513-z · Cited by 58

Sustainable recycling of waste polystyrene into hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets with potential applications in supercapacitors

Ma, C., Liu, X., Min, J., Li, J., Gong, J., Wen, X., Chen, X., Tang, T., & Mijowska, E. (2019) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/1361-6528/ab475f · Cited by 73

Mass production of hierarchically porous carbon nanosheets by carbonizing “real-world” mixed waste plastics toward excellent-performance supercapacitors

Wen, Y., Kierzek, K., Chen, X., Gong, J., Liu, J., Niu, R., Mijowska, E., & Tang, T. (2019) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.006 · Cited by 127

Porous carbon nanosheet with high surface area derived from waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) for supercapacitor applications

Wen, Y., Kierzek, K., Min, J., Chen, X., Gong, J., Niu, R., Wen, X., Azadmanjiri, J., Mijowska, E., & Tang, T. (2020) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.48338 · Cited by 84

Novel strategy for preparation of highly porous carbon sheets derived from polystyrene for supercapacitors

Wen, Y., Wen, X., Wenelska, K., Chen, X., & Mijowska, E. (2019) · Diamond and Related Materials · doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2019.03.015 · Cited by 28